Table.
Predictors of infection with an organism other than E. coli; unadjusted, clinical* and association* models
| Unadjusted | Clinical Model | Association model | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | % Non-E. coli | Odds ratio (CI) | P | Odds ratio (CI)* | P* | Odds ratio (CI)* | P* | |
| Age (months) | ||||||||
| 2–11 | 34/374 | 9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 12–23 | 5/136 | 4 | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.05 | 0.4 (0.2, 1.2) | 0.10 | 0.4 (0.2, 1.2) | 0.11 |
| 24–35 | 14/89 | 16 | 1.9 (1.0, 3.7) | 0.07 | 1.6 (0.7, 3.7) | 0.29 | 1.6 (0.7, 3.8) | 0.27 |
| 36–72 | 17/170 | 10 | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | 0.74 | 0.8 (0.2, 2.6) | 0.66 | 0.7 (0.2, 2.5) | 0.61 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 58/596 | 10 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Non-White | 12/173 | 7 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.26 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 0.11 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.12 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 58/703 | 8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Uncircumcised Male | 7/45 | 16 | 2.1 (0.9, 4.8) | 0.10 | 1.6 (0.6, 4.6) | 0.35 | 1.7 (0.6, 4.8) | 0.35 |
| Circumcised Male | 5/21 | 24 | 3.5 (1.2, 9.8) | 0.02 | 5.5 (1.8, 17.1) | 0.003 | 5.3 (1.7, 16.9) | 0.005 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 54/663 | 8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Hispanic | 16/106 | 15 | 2.0 (1.1, 3.7) | 0.02 | 2.3 (1.1, 4.6) | 0.02 | 2.4 (1.2, 4.8) | 0.02 |
| Bladder Bowel Dysfunction | ||||||||
| No | 10/84 | 12 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Yes | 10/95 | 11 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.2) | 0.77 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.2) | 0.67 | 0.8 (0.3, 2.1) | 0.65 |
| Not toilet trained | 50/590 | 8 | 0.7 (0.3, 1.4) | 0.30 | 0.7 (0.2, 2.4) | 0.58 | 0.6 (0.2, 2.1) | 0.45 |
|
Courses of antimicrobials in the preceding 6 months |
||||||||
| 0 | 31/399 | 8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 1 | 22/229 | 10 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.2) | 0.43 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.5) | 0.36 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.5) | 0.38 |
| ≥2 | 17/141 | 12 | 1.6 (0.9, 3.0) | 0.13 | 1.6 (0.8, 3.2) | 0.16 | 1.8 (0.9, 3.4) | 0.11 |
| Number of previous UTIs | ||||||||
| 0 | 60/700 | 9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| 1 | 10/69 | 14 | 1.8 (0.9, 3.7) | 0.11 | 1.6 (0.7, 3.5) | 0.28 | 1.5 (0.7, 3.4) | 0.33 |
| VUR Grade | ||||||||
| No VUR | 12/186 | 6 | 0.9 (0.4, 1.8) | N/A* | 1.2 (0.5, 2.9) | 0.67 | ||
| Grades I or II | 23/314 | 7 | Ref | |||||
| Grades III or IV | 35/269 | 13 | 1.9 (1.1, 3.3) | N/A* | 2.2 (1.2, 4.1) | <0.01 | ||
| Fever | ||||||||
| No | 11/46 | 24 | 3.8 (1.8, 8.0) | 0.0004 | 2.8 (1.2, 6.6) | 0.02 | 3.3 (1.4, 7.8) | 0.008 |
| Yes | 49/644 | 8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Unknown | 10/79 | 13 | 1.8 (0.9, 3.6) | 0.13 | 1.4 (0.6, 3.3) | 0.43 | 1.4 (0.6, 3.3) | 0.44 |
| Site | ||||||||
| Pittsburgh | 20/273 | 7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Philadelphia | 6/89 | 7 | 0.9(0.4, 2.4) | 0.85 | 1.0 (0.4, 2.7) | 0.98 | 1.0 (0.4, 2.8) | 0.94 |
| Washington DC | 4/77 | 5 | 0.7 (0.2, 2.1) | 0.52 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.9) | 0.35 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.8) | 0.30 |
| Baltimore | 7/78 | 9 | 1.3 (0.5, 3.1) | 0.63 | 1.2 (0.4, 3.1) | 0.76 | 1.0 (0.3, 2.7) | 0.94 |
| Michigan | 14/106 | 13 | 1.9 (0.9, 4.0) | 0.08 | 2.1 (0.9, 4.7) | 0.08 | 1.7 (0.7, 4.2) | 0.23 |
| New York | 19/146 | 13 | 1.9 (1.0, 3.7) | 0.06 | 1.8 (0.9, 3.6) | 0.13 | 1.6 (0.7, 3.6) | 0.27 |
Ref, reference category.
*
The clinical model adjusted for age, race, ethnicity, gender, BBD, fever, site, number of previous UTIs, and previous antibiotic. The association model adjusted for all of the variables in the clinical model plus vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).