Table 2. Characteristics of cases^†.

Characteristics	N [%]
Main reason for catheter insertion
Monitoring	10 [35]
Retention	10 [35]
Post-op	5 [17]
Trauma	1 [3]
C-section	1 [3]
Comatose patient	1 [3]
Not mentioned	1 [3]
Alleged breach of standard of care
Trauma/improper insertion	14 [48]
Removal related	8 [28]
Mechanical failure	3 [10]
Lack of consent	3 [10]
Non-sterile insertion	1 [3]
Damages claimed by plaintiffs ‡
Pain	8 [28]
Urinary tract infection	7 [24]
Fistula	6 [21]
Extra surgery	4 [14]
Incontinence	4 [14]
Death due to sepsis	4 [14]
Impotence	3 [10]
Stricture	2 [7]
Hematuria	2 [7]
Other	3 [10]
Trial outcome
Defendant verdict	19 [66]
Plaintiff verdict	8 [28]
Settlement	2 [7]
Mean indemnity award for plaintiffs [range]	112,991 [4,000-325,000]
Mean settlement amount [range]	55,750 [25,000-86,500]

^†, all missing data in cases were excluded from analysis; ^‡, plaintiffs had more than one claim in some cases.