Table 3.
Healthcare Utilization for Propensity Score-Matched Patients Treated in CCI and Non-CCI Practices
| Patients treated at non-CCI practices 2008–2010 (n = 11,105) | Patients treated at CCI practices 2008–2010 (n = 11,105) | Difference between pre-index to post-index change in CCI relative to pre-index to post-index change in non-CCI | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-index episode | Post-index episode | Change pre-post | Pre-index episode | Post-index episode | Change pre- post | Difference-in-difference | For binary variables: odds ratio (95 % CI) For count variables: percent change in expected mean count (95 % CI) |
P-value | ||
| ER | ||||||||||
| ER visitsc | Any | 62.4 % | 74.2 % | +11.8 % | 68.1 % | 66.0 % | −2.1 % | −13.9 % | 0.667 (0.574-0.774) | <0.001 |
| Count mean (SD) | 2.39 (4.54) |
3.48 (5.60) |
+1.19 | 2.75 (5.25) |
2.74 (5.21) |
−0.01 | −1.20 | −15.6 % (−21.0 % to −9.7 %) | <0.001 | |
| INPATIENT | ||||||||||
| Psychiatric/mental health claimsb | Count mean (SD) | 2.28 (15.74) |
1.87 (14.40) |
−0.41 | 1.51 (12.52) |
1.03 (10.17) |
−0.48 | −0.07 | −40.7 % (−57.0 % to −18.0 %) | 0.009 |
| Substance abuse treatment claimsb | Count mean (SD) | 0.002 (0.056) | 0.001 (0.036) | −0.001 | 0.002 (0.053) |
0.001 (0.052) | −0.001 | 0.000 | 10.4 % (−47.3.0 % to 67.7 %) | 0.33 |
| Medical services claimsa | Any | 82.5 % | 87.4 % | +4.9 % | 85.3 % | 85.2 % | −0.1 % | −5.0 % | 0.737 (0.603-0.900) | 0.006 |
| Count mean (SD) | 8.20 (14.23) |
9.24 (15.80) |
+1.04 | 8.66 (14.43) |
9.28 (15.64) |
+0.62 | −0.42 | −2.0 % (−11.4 % to +8.4 %) | 0.68 | |
| All claimsa | Any | 83.1 % | 88.0 % | +4.9 % | 85.7 % | 85.6 % | 0.0 % | −4.9 % | 0.721 (0.590-0.883) | 0.004 |
| Count mean (SD) | 10.40 (21.03) | 11.03 (21.11) |
+0.63 | 10.10 (18.92) |
10.25 (18.54) |
+0.15 | −0.48 | −4.6 % (−13.9 % to +5.7 %) | 0.37 | |
| OUTPATIENT | ||||||||||
| Psychiatric/mental health claimsa | Any | 36.2 % | 37.5 % | +1.3 % | 36.2 % | 35.0 % | −1.2 % | −2.5 % | 0.799 (0.704-0.906) | 0.002 |
| Count mean (SD) | 6.62 (20.87) | 6.31 (18.93) |
−0.32 | 6.57 (20.97) |
5.70 (18.53) |
−0.87 | −0.55 | −17.2 % (−26.1 % to −7.2 %) | 0.004 | |
| Substance abuse treatment claimsb | Count mean (SD) | 2.94 (21.15) | 4.99 (32.32) |
+2.05 | 2.89 (22.35) |
3.29 (25.64) |
+0.40 | −1.65 | −26.2 % (−64.6 % to +53.7 %) | 0.47 |
| Medical services claimsc | Any | 93.3 % | 97.0 % | +3.7 % | 96.4 % | 99.3 % | +2.9 % | −0.6 % | 0.274 (.186-0.402) | <0.001 |
| Count mean (SD) | 14.94 (24.14) | 17.94 (26.39) | +3.00 | 15.40 (23.47) |
18.87 (24.94) | +3.47 | +0.47 | +5.8 % (+2.1 % to +9.7 %) | 0.004 | |
| Pharmacy claimsb | Count mean (SD) | 20.71 (21.27) | 20.60 (20.84) | −0.11 | 20.56 (21.04) |
22.35 (21.66) |
+1.79 | +1.90 | +8.6 % (−0.0 % to +18.0 %) | 0.061 |
| All claimsd | Count mean (SD) | 45.21 (48.41) |
49.83 (54.78) | +4.62 | 45.42 (48.27) |
50.21 (50.05) | +4.79 | +0.17 | +1.5 % (−2.3 % to +5.4 %) | 0.46 |
| Total | ||||||||||
| All claimsd | Count mean (SD) | 57.90 (57.91) |
64.33 (63.58) | +6.44 | 58.27 (56.82) |
63.20 (58.81) |
+4.94 | −1.50 | −2.5 % (−5.6 % to +0.1 %) | 0.36 |
aAnalyzed using the zero-inflated negative binomial model (ZINB)
bAnalyzed using the negative binomial model
cAnalyzed using the zero-inflated generalized Poisson model
dAnalyzed using the generalized Poisson model
Note: “Any” is defined as the proportion of patients with at least one claim in each category of service. “Count mean (SD)” is defined as the unadjusted mean number of claims per patient in each category of service. For zero inflated analyses, the mean count is only for those patients with at least one claim in that category of service