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. 2016 Oct 20;10:463. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00463

Figure 4.

Figure 4

HLA gene complex encode ligands that react with receptors on the Leukocyte Receptor Complex (LCR) and Natural Killer Cell Gene Complex (NKC) to influence killing. Blue lines indicate areas of completed research. HLA-A, B, C ligands bind to various KIR receptors encoded on chromosome 19. The DRB1*0401 shared epitope (SE*) is strongly associated with ASD (RR = 19.8) and helps increase TH17 cells. The dashed lines suggest future ASD research to get a more complete picture on NK-cell killing and antibody production. HLA-DR alleles bind to CD4+ helper T-cells to influence B-cells. HLA-E and MHC Class I like- sequence A (MICA) proteins are ligands for activating molecules NKG2(3) and NKG2D, respectively, that influence NK-cell killing (chromosome 12).