Figure 1.

Spermidine ameliorates EAE. (a and b) Clinical scores of EAE mice administrated daily with spermidine (50 mg/kg body weight) or PBS from day 8 (n=10) (a) or from day 1 (n=7 or n=5) (b) post immunization. Means±S.E.M. are shown (*P<0.05, two-way ANOVA). (c) Histological analysis of spinal cord from spermidine- or vehicle-treated EAE mice on day 18 post immunization. The paraffin-embedded sections were analyzed for demyelination by luxol fast-blue staining, and analyzed for leukocyte infiltration by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Scale bars, 200 μM. Outlines indicate demyelination in Fast-blue staining and indicate leukocyte infiltration area in H&E staining. (d) Infiltration of CD4⁺ T cells and macrophages was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining of CD4 and CD11b respectively on the spinal cord from spermidine- or vehicle-treated EAE mice. Scale bars, 100 μM. Outlines indicate the infiltration area of CD4⁺ T cells and macrophages