Table 6.
Effects of multimodal rehabilitation and Web Behavior Change Program for Activity (MMR+WEB) on pain intensity as measured with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 4 months, and 12 months, and mean differences between intervention groups with effect sizes (Cohen d).
| Outcome measures | MMR+WEB (n=55) | MMR (n=43) | P value | Difference MMR+WEB–MMR | Effect size (d) | |||
|
|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Time*group | Time | Mean (95% CI) | P value |
|
|
| VAS meana |
|
|
.52 | <.001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baseline | 66.1 (16.7) | 64.7 (16.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 months | 59.6 (21.0) | 54.8 (21.9) |
|
|
3.4 (–10.2 to 3.4) | .32 | –0.22 |
|
|
12 months | 57.9 (21.8) | 56.9 (22.0) |
|
|
–0.4 (–7.2 to 7.9) | .92 | 0.02 |
| VAS minimuma |
|
|
.27 | .47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baseline | 42.1 (24.3) | 32.8 (23.8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 months | 41.5 (25.6) | 29.1 (23.7) |
|
|
3.1 (–10.5 to 4.3) | .40 | –0.13 |
|
|
12 months | 40.3 (26.6) | 34.3 (24.9) |
|
|
–3.2 (–4.9 to 11.3) | .43 | 0.14 |
| VAS maximuma |
|
|
.55 | .002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baseline | 82.5 (13.5) | 79.7 (18.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 months | 75.8 (19.2) | 73.8 (21.3) |
|
|
–0.8 (–6.4 to 8.0) | .83 | 0.05 |
|
|
12 months | 75.5 (17.2) | 76.5 (18.8) |
|
|
–3.9 (–3.9 to 11.6) | .32 | 0.24 |
a Pain intensity in last 7 days; zero=no pain or discomfort, 100=unbearable pain or discomfort.