Table 1.

Characteristics of each included RCT

Source	Characteristics of participantsa				Intervention and control groups	Intervention details
	Sample sizeb	Age, year	BMI, kg/m2	Weight, kg		Duration, weeks	Dietary advice	Step goal
Andrews et al., 2011 12	246	60.0	31.6	91.1	Intervention: received pedometer‐based walking interventions and dietary consultation with nurse support.	48	With	NS
	248	60.1	31.5	90.2	Control: received dietary consultation with nurse support.
Araiza et al., 2006 13	15	49	30.0	NA	Intervention: received pedometer‐based walking interventions.	6	Without	Yes
	15	51	33.5	NA	Control: were asked to maintain normal activity habits.
Bjorgaas et al., 2008 14	23	56.4	31.2	94.8	Intervention: received pedometers and were encouraged to increase daily time on walking.	24	Without	Yes
	25	61.2	31.5	95.2	Control: were encouraged to increase daily time on walking.
De Greef et al., 2010c 15	20	61.3	29	83.5	Intervention: received cognitive–behavioural pedometer‐based interventions.	12	Without	Yes
	21	61.3	31.5	92.6	Control: received usual care.
De Greef et al., 2011d 16	43	68.3	29.7	NA	Intervention: received pedometer‐based physical activity programmes with individual or group counselling.	12	Without	Yes
	24	66.0	31.5	NA	Control: received general care.
Diedrich et al., 2010 17	16	56.7	NA	94.8	Intervention: received pedometer‐based programmes, books (Manpo‐kei) and usual diabetes education.	12	With	NS
	17	54.9	NA	107.1	Control: received usual diabetes education.
Engel and Linder 2006 18	22	60.5	32.7	91.9	Intervention: received pedometers and health‐related coaching.	24	Without	Yes
	28	64	31.2	84.9	Control: only received health‐related coaching.
Kirk et al., 2009d 19	99	62.1	32.8	NA	Intervention: received pedometers, physical activity consultation and telephone call.	48	Without	NS
	35	59.2	34.9	NA	Control: received standard care and telephone call.
Plotnikoff et al., 2013d 20	139	61.8	30.2	NA	Intervention: received pedometers, theory‐based behavioural interventions and physical activity education.	48	Without	NS
	83	61.0	30.2	NA	Control: received standard physical activity education.
Tudor‐Locke et al., 2004 22	24	52.8	34.1	96.8	Intervention: received pedometers with instructions for goal‐setting and motivational postcards.	16	Without	Yes
	23	52.5	32.5	92.3	Control: only received motivational postcards for thanks.
Van Dyck et al., 2013c 23	60	62	30.2	89.2	Intervention: received pedometer‐based physical activity interventions with telephone support.	24	Without	Yes
	32		29.7	84.5	Control: received usual care.

^aData for age, BMI, weight were imputed using baseline mean values.

^bNumber of participants included in the per‐protocol or intention‐to‐treat analyses.

^cReported follow‐up data of BMI and weight after the completion of pedometer interventions.

^dIncluded two intervention groups and both were combined into one group.

NS, not specified; NA, not applicable.