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. 2016 Mar 31;37(9):1170–1186. doi: 10.1002/elps.201500530

Table 1.

Overview of EE and EME hyphenated to LC. EF and ER values indicated in italics are calculated based on data provided in the paper

Ref. Tech. Hyph. Det. Matrix Compounds* LOD EF ER Vdonor Vacceptor ET ST EV
(nM) (%) (mL) (μL) (min) (min) (V)
29 EE online MS Urine stearoylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine, acetylcarnitine 1.4–390 175–970 17.5–97.0 0.1 0.1 6 30 15000
28 EE online MS Plasma angiotensin 2, angiotensin 1, angiotensin 2 (3‐8) 10‐50 ±570–990 57.0–99.0 0.1 0.1 6 40 15000
39 EE offline MS Urine lauroylcarnitine, octanoylcarnitine, hexanoylcarnitine 0.3–2 34–80 46–108 0.5 13.4 10 31 300
[60] EME offline UV Environmental samples Cr(IV) and Cr(III) 54‐100 21.8‐33 31‐47 2.1 30 9 15 30
22 EME offline UV Academic Azo red dye 46, 51 and 18 0.75‐1.8 96‐162 48‐81 6 30 20 12 60
30 EME offline UV 24 10 20 12 100
Plasma naltrexone, nalmefene 2.9 100‐199 4.2‐8.3
Urine naltrexone, nalmefene 2.9 130‐140 5.4‐5.8
21 EME offline UV Academic histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan 32‐146 11.8‐36 7.1‐21.6 2.5 15 20 10 100
[61] EME offline UV Academic 2.5 15 n.r. 30‐250
amitriptyline, nortriptyline 1.8‐3.8 148‐160 89‐96 14.5
diclofenac, mefenamic acid 6.8‐8.3 73‐83 44‐53 10
terbutaline, salbutamol 4.4‐10 110‐138 66‐83 20
27 EME offline UV Gelatin asparagine, glutamine 189‐342 29‐53 43‐79 2.5 15 20 20 137
31 EME offline UV Urine nalmefene, diclofenac 5.9‐14 300‐350 12.5‐14.6 24 10 (×2) 14 12 40
32 EME offline UV 24 25 20 10 100
Plasma betaxolol, atenolol 33‐38 86‐245 9.0‐25.5
Urine betaxolol, atenolol 6.5‐7.5 69‐236 7.1‐24.6
37 EME offline UV Urine strychnine, brucine 6.9‐21 114‐122 38.0‐41.7 3 10 10 13 1.5
[62] EME offline UV Academic verapamil, clomipramine, 7.2‐15 n.r. n.r. 7 25 20 15 200
Urine trimipramine 129–256 42.6‐84.2
Wastewater 115–259 38.0‐85.3
[63] EME offline UV melamine 6.5 20 15 10 90
Milk 38 85 59
Powder milk 46 82 92
Water 16 192 85
[64] EME offline UV Academic 2.1 30 5 n.r. 20
diclofenac 5.1 59 84.3
34 EME offline UV Urine nortriptyline, amitryptiline 11‐14 17‐18 34‐36 1 20 33.3 15 40
[65] EME offline UV Urine nortryptiline, amitryptiline 1.9‐3.6 89‐94 11.6‐12.5 30 40 20 12 100
Plasma amitryptiline, nortryptiline 1.8‐1.9 83–92 11.1‐12.3
20 EME offline 10 30 15 15 50
UV Academic fluoroquinolones ** 0.039‐0.22 40‐85 12‐26
FLD Academic fluoroquinolones *** 0.014‐0.10 40‐85 12‐26
[66] EME offline Academic 10 50 7 12 10
UV basic drugs # 0.17‐6.6 51‐86 26‐43
FLD naproxen, salicylic acid, ibuprofen 0.0026‐3.5
26 EME offline CD Academic chloride, nitrate, fluoride, nitrite, bromide, sulfate, phosphate 17‐79 67‐117 40‐70 5 30 10 14 15
38 EME + LPME offline UV/MS Plasma ketoprofen, ibuprofen, citaprolam, sertraline 0.79‐6.2 3.8‐5.7 63‐95 0.6 100 15 6.1 (UV) 17 (MS) 300
36 EME offline MS Whole blood basic drugs ## 0.16‐15 0.7‐2.3 9‐28 0.08 10 5 5.5 15
[67] EME offline MS Dried bloodspots methadone, nortriptyline, pethidine 0.3‐3.6 44‐50 83‐95 1 19 25 26 100
57 EME offline MS Dried bloodspots citaprolam, methadone, loperamide, sertraline 1.2‐17 6.3‐16 44‐115 0.3 21 10 24 100
[68] EME offline MS Saliva basic drugs ### 2.3‐46 1.2‐7.8 10‐65 0.3 25 5 20 15
35 EME offline MS Academic standards quetiapine, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, sertraline 0.052‐0.91 0.51‐1.13 15‐33 0.24 70 8 18 200
24 EME offline MS Dried urine spots Volatile organic compound metabolites **** 5.0‐388 13.2‐27.6 33.0‐69.1 1 25 20 5 200
25 EME offline MS Urine Volatile organic compound metabolites ##### 1.3‐33.3 11 ‐ 16 52.8‐70.7 0.8 40 15 4 300
23 EME online MS River water Chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids #### 0.12‐0.43 201‐235 80‐94 5 20 25 28 200

1matrix is only mentioned when extraction performance is tested therein.

*in order of increasing LOD.

**danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, gatifloxacin.

***danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, grepafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gatifloxacin, marbofloxacin.

****N‐acetyl‐s‐(phenyl)‐l‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐s‐benzyl‐l‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐S‐(2,2dichlorovinyl)‐l‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐S‐(2,2dichlorovinyl)‐l‐cysteine, N‐acetyl‐S‐(1,2dichlorovinyl)‐L‐cysteine, 3‐methylhippuric acid, 4‐methylhippuric acid, 2‐methylhippuric acid, phenylglyoxylic acid, hippuric acid, mandelic acid.

#naproxen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, salicylic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen.

##Ketamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐metamphetamine, metamphetamine, cathinone, 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐iodoampetamine, 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐amphetamine.

###methadone, buprenorphine, para‐methoxyamphetamine, methamphetamine, para‐methoxymetamphetamine.

####trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 3,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, chlorophenoxyacetic acid.

#####N‐acetyl‐s‐(phenyl)‐l‐cysteine, 2‐methylhippuric acid, 3‐methylhippuric acid, 4‐methylhippuric acid, hippuric acid, phenylglyxolic acid.

n.r., not reported; n.a., not applicable; Ref., reference, Tech., technique, Hyph., hyphenation, Det., detection, EF, enrichment factor; ER, extraction recovery; ET, extraction time; ST, separation time; EV, extraction voltage.