Figure 1. Schematic illustration of a potential mechanism for the enhanced cellular response of the PPTi.

After polarization, the dipoles of the PTi become aligned, resulting in the distribution of negative charges on the surface. Among the ionic/biological constituents present in the growth medium, cations adhere strongly to the negatively charged surfaces due to electrostatic interactions between charged entities. The proteins and negatively charged cytomembrane are then attracted to one another. Consequently, the PPTi enhances cell adhesion and proliferation due to the presence of a greater surface charge compared with the NPTi.