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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 20.
Published in final edited form as: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2015 Dec 2;54(52):15642–15682. doi: 10.1002/anie.201507152

Scheme 23.

Scheme 23

“Oxidative” and “reductive” redox catalysis for alkene dihalogenation (note that all oxidation states are relative rather than absolute). M = transition metal or main group element.