Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of nonhypo-HDL and hypo-HDL groups by gender
| Variables | Men (n = 1412) | Women (n = 807) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonhypo-HDL (n = 998) | Hypo-HDL (n = 414) | Statistics | P | Nonhypo-HDL (n = 655) | Hypo-HDL (n = 152) | Statistics | P | |
| Age (years) | 46.0 ± 10.5 | 45.5 ± 10.2 | 0.80* | 0.424 | 40.8 ± 10.2 | 40.3 ± 9.3 | 0.53* | 0.595 |
| Weight (kg) | 72.2 ± 9.8 | 74.1 ± 9.7 | 3.32* | 0.001 | 57.4 ± 8.7 | 59.1 ± 9.5 | 2.06* | 0.040 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 2.9 | 25.1 ± 2.8 | 3.28* | 0.001 | 22.2 ± 3.1 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 1.93* | 0.055 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 3.96* | <0.001 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | 1.42* | 0.158 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 30.98* | <0.001 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 37.15* | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 11.06* | <0.001 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 6.55* | <0.001 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 11.26* | <0.001 | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 16.08* | <0.001 |
| Job control | 49.9 ± 13.4 | 48.5 ± 12.9 | 1.77* | 0.077 | 46.0 ± 13.6 | 43.5 ± 10.0 | 2.60* | 0.010 |
| Job demand | 10.2 ± 3.8 | 10.4 ± 4.0 | 0.98* | 0.327 | 10.0 ± 3.7 | 10.2 ± 3.7 | 0.53* | 0.594 |
| Binary job strain category | 0.01† | 0.908 | 0.24† | 0.621 | ||||
| No job strain | 791 (79.3) | 327 (79.0) | 491 (75.0) | 111 (73.0) | ||||
| Job strain | 207 (20.7) | 87 (21.0) | 164 (25.0) | 41 (27.0) | ||||
| Smoking status | 0.12† | 0.941 | 1.48† | 0.478 | ||||
| Never | 487 (48.8) | 204 (49.3) | 641 (97.9) | 150 (98.7) | 0.423 | |||
| Previous | 52 (5.2) | 23 (5.6) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.7) | ||||
| Current | 459 (46.0) | 187 (45.2) | 12 (1.8) | 1 (0.7) | ||||
| Heavy drinking | 2.78† | 0.096 | 0.02† | 0.982 | ||||
| No | 881 (88.3) | 378 (91.3) | 650 (99.2) | 151 (99.3) | ||||
| Yes | 117 (11.7) | 36 (6.0) | 5 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | ||||
| Exercise habits | 1.67† | 0.198 | 1.00† | 0.317 | ||||
| No | 582 (58.3) | 226 (54.6) | 483 (73.7) | 106 (69.7) | ||||
| Yes | 416 (41.7) | 188 (45.4) | 172 (26.3) | 46 (30.3) | ||||
| Walking in a day (h) | 0.58† | 0.901 | 1.69† | 0.640 | ||||
| Almost none | 241 (24.4) | 103 (25.1) | 159 (24.5) | 40 (26.3) | ||||
| <1 | 541 (54.7) | 223 (54.3) | 337 (51.9) | 80 (52.6) | ||||
| 1–2 | 166 (16.8) | 65 (15.8) | 115 (17.7) | 27 (17.8) | ||||
| >2 | 41 (4.1) | 20 (4.9) | 38 (5.9) | 5 (3.3) | ||||
| Weekday sleep (h) | 0.85† | 0.624 | 3.64† | 0.162 | ||||
| <5 | 45 (4.5) | 23 (5.6) | 16 (2.5) | 4 (2.6) | ||||
| 5–6 | 633 (63.4) | 264 (63.8) | 363 (55.6) | 97 (63.8) | ||||
| >6 | 320 (32.1) | 127 (30.7) | 274 (42.0) | 51 (33.6) | ||||
| Quantity of food intake | 0.45† | 0.930 | 5.40† | 0.145 | ||||
| Usually moderate | 438 (44.2) | 178 (43.1) | 276 (42.3) | 77 (50.7) | ||||
| Moderate due to health issues | 158 (15.9) | 63 (15.3) | 100 (15.3) | 14 (9.2) | ||||
| Sometimes small or large | 138 (13.9) | 62 (15.0) | 122 (18.7) | 26 (17.1) | ||||
| Mostly until full | 258 (26.0) | 110 (26.6) | 154 (23.6) | 35 (23.0) | ||||
| Occupational categories | 4.61† | 0.595 | 13.24† | 0.039 | ||||
| Clerkship | 102 (10.2) | 43 (10.4) | 95 (14.5) | 22 (14.5) | ||||
| Managerial | 467 (46.8) | 176 (42.5) | 197 (30.1) | 31 (20.4) | ||||
| Service | 52 (5.2) | 19 (4.6) | 75 (11.5) | 11 (7.2) | ||||
| Professional | 198 (19.8) | 97 (23.4) | 227 (34.7) | 71 (46.7) | ||||
| Technical | 130 (13.0) | 61 (14.7) | 50 (7.6) | 16 (10.5) | ||||
| Mechanical operation | 27 (2.7) | 8 (1.9) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | ||||
| Manual labor | 22 (2.2) | 10 (2.4) | 9 (1.4) | 1 (0.7) | ||||
| Weekly work (h) | 0.04† | 0.982 | 1.22† | 0.542 | ||||
| <45 | 697 (69.8) | 291 (70.3) | 492 (75.1) | 110 (72.4) | ||||
| 45–54 | 192 (19.2) | 79 (19.1) | 135 (20.6) | 37 (24.3) | ||||
| ≥55 | 109 (10.9) | 44 (10.6) | 28 (4.3) | 5 (3.3) | ||||
| Use of dyslipidemic agents | 5.87† | 0.015 | 1.17† | 0.280 | ||||
| No | 984 (98.6) | 414 (100.0) | 650 (99.2) | 152 (100.0) | ||||
| Yes | 14 (1.4) | 0 | 5 (0.8) | 0 | ||||
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). *t value; †χ2 value. Hypo-HDL: Hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia; BMI: Body mass index; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD: Standard deviation.