Table 3.
Results from sensitivity analyses which restricted the control group to MOH health centres offering free services through study period and geographically separated from CHAM user fee introducing/removing centres
| Total outpatient attendances | Total new malaria diagnoses, under 5 s | Total new malaria diagnoses, over 5 s | New confirmed HIV+ patient, aged 15–49 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periods 1 and 2: Introduction of user feesa | ||||
| Estimated change (%) | −70 | −22 | −56 | −52 |
| 95 % confidence interval | [−92, 8] | [−78, 177] | [−86, 40] | [−77, 1] |
| P-value | 0 · 060 | 0 · 66 | 0 · 14 | 0 · 051 |
| Number of centres | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Number of months | 35 | 35 | 35 | 35 |
| Periods 2 and 3: Removal of user feesb | ||||
| Estimated change (%) | 345 | 170 | 261 | -c |
| 95 % confidence interval | [136, 737] | [13, 545] | [130, 467] | - |
| P-value | 0 · 001 | 0 · 031 | <0 · 001 | - |
| Number of centres | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Number of months | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
The estimated change represents the average difference in monthly attendances or diagnoses associated with the introduction or removal of user fees. Standard errors were clustered at the health centre level
aEstimated using data from the period July 2012 to June 2015
bEstimated using data from the period August 2013 to October 2015
cThere were two few new confirmed HIV+ patients treated at the centre which removed user fees to analyse