Table 2. Differences in measured parameters between volunteers who had a fluid retention index (FRI) consistent with dehydration (≥ 4.0) and those who did not fulfil this criterion.
Data are the mean (SD).
| FRI < 4.0 (N = 158) | FRI ≥ 4.0 (N = 120) | Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| N | 169 | 109 | |
| Males, (N, %) | 37 (22%) | 42 (38%) | P< 0.01 |
| Age (years) | 45 (13) | 41 (14) | P< 0.02 |
| Height (cm) | 168 (9) | 171 (9) | P< 0.01 |
| Weight (kg) | 72 (16) | 76 (13) | P< 0.02 |
| Sampling (hour of the day) | 9.6 (3.8) | 9.7 (4.3 | NS |
| Time without liquid (h) | 4.6 (4.0) | 4.6 (3.3) | NS |
| Urine analyses | |||
| FRI (arbitrary unit) ** | 2.9 (0.8) | 4.9 (0.5) | P<0.001 |
| Specific gravity (no unit) | 1.017 (0.005) | 1.027 (0.003) | P<0.001 |
| Osmolality (mosmol/kg) | 508 (186) | 897 (138) | P<0.001 |
| Creatinine (mmol/l) | 7.2 (3.1) | 17.3 (5.6) | P<0.001 |
| Color (shade) | 2.6 (0.6) | 4.0 (1.0) | P<0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 92 (45) | 127 (47) | P< 0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 48 (29) | 72 (29) | P< 0.001 |
| Erythrocytes, trace (N, %) | 13 (8%) | 11 (10%) | NS* |
| pH | 6.2 (0.7) | 5.7 (0.5) | P< 0.001 |
| Urobilinogen | 3.5 (2.6) | 3.3 (1.1) | NS |
| Nitrite positive | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | NS* |
| Leucocytes (N, %) | 37 (22%) | 7 (6%) | P< 0.001* |
| Albuminuria (N, %) | 58 (34%) | 96 (88%) | P< 0.001* |
| Syndecan-1 (ng/ml) | 210 (172) | 204 (161) | NS |
| Hyaluronic acid (ng/ml) | 10.6 (4.7) | 21.2 (7.0) | P<0.001 |
| Blood analyses | |||
| Osmolality (mosmol/kg) | 293.4 (3.9) | 294.9 (3.9) | NS |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.9 (1.6) | 140.3 (2.1) | NS |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.3) | 4.1 (0.3) | NS |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.39 (0.07) | 2.39 (0.08) | NS |
| Cortisol | 404 (167) | 347 (115) | NS |
| Aldosterone | 334 (192) | 304 (190) | NS |
| Renin | 21 (12) | 26 (14) | NS |
| Vasopressin (pg/ml) | < 1.5 | < 1.5 | NS |
One-way ANOVA was used for statistics except * contingency table analysis.
** grouping variable.
NS = not significant