Table 1. Examples of health systems that have launched pharmacogenomics initiatives.

Institution	Drug(s)	Gene(s)*	Testing Approach
Vanderbilt University Medical Center [4]	clopidogrel, simvastatin, warfarin, thiopurines, tacrolimus	CYP2C19, SLCO1B1, CYP2C9, VKORC1, TPMT, CYP3A5	Genotyping panel (Illumina Veracode ADME)
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital [5,6]	thiopurines, codeine, oxycodone, tramadol, amitriptyline, ondansetron, fluoxetine, paroxetine, simavastatin, clopidogrel, tacrolimus, capecitabine, fluorouracil, atazanavir, irinotecan, belinostat	TPMT, CYP2D6, SLCO1B1, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, DPYD, UGT1A1	Genotyping panel (Affymetrix DMET Plus) and a CYP2D6 copy number assay
University of Florida and Shands Hospital [7]	clopidogrel, thiopurines, codeine, tramadol, peg-interferon alpha	CYP2C19, TPMT, CYP2D6, IFNL3	Genotyping panel (Life Technologies Quant Studio OpenArray) and GenMark Dx (Carlsbad, CA)
University of Illinois at Chicago [8]	Warfarin, clopidogrel	CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2, CYP2C19	Genotyping panel (Genmark Dx eSensor)
Mayo Clinic [2]	abacavir, carbamazepine, thiopurines, interferon, citalopram, clopidogrel, escitalopram, warfarin, codeine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, tamoxifen, tramadol, venlafaxine, allopurinol, simvastatin	HLA-B, TPMT, IFNL3, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP2D6, SLCO1B1	PGRNseq
University of Maryland [9]	clopidogrel	CYP2C19	Gene-specific test (Nanosphere Verigene)
Mount Sinai Medical Center [2]	Clopidogrel, warfarin, simvastatin, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors	CYP2C19, CYP2C9, VKORC1, SLCO1B1, CYP2D6	PGRNSeq

*CYP2C9: cytochrome P450 2C9, CYP2C19: cytochrome P450 2C19, CYP2D6: cytochrome P450 2D6, CYP4F2: cytochrome P450 4F2, SLCO1B1: solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1, VKORC1: vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1, TPMT: thiopurine methyltransferase, HLA-B: major histocompatibility complex, class I, B, IFNL3: interferon, lambda 3.