Table 3.
Change in child attention scores at age 9 and 12 years per 10-fold increase in prenatal and child ΣPBDE (−47, −99,−100,−153) concentration (ng/g, lipid-adjusted) using linear regression modelsa in the CHAMACOS cohort.
| Prenatal ΣPBDE overallc |
Prenatal ΣPBDE measured |
Child ΣPBDE |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | mean (SD) | orientationb | n | β (95% CI) | n | β (95% CI) | n | β (95% CI) |
| 9-year assessment | ||||||||
| Conners' Continuous Performance Test II ( CPT II) (T-scores) | ||||||||
| Errors of omission | 58.8 (18.2) | (+) | 588 | 3.9 (−0.6, 8.3) | 246 | 4.0 (−2.0, 10.0) | 541 | −1.1 (−5.8, 3.6) |
| Errors of commission | 49.8 (9.2) | (+) | 588 | 0.6 (−1.6, 2.9) | 246 | 0.1 (−3.2, 3.3) | 541 | 0.5 (−1.8, 2.7) |
| Hit rate standard error (SE) overall | 57.7 (10.4) | (+) | 588 | 1.4 (−1.1, 3.9) | 246 | 2.4 (−1.0, 5.7) | 541 | −0.9 (−3.5, 1.7) |
| Hit rate SE by block | 50.8 (12.2) | (+) | 588 | 2.7 (−0.3, 5.7) | 246 | 3.4 (−0.8, 7.6) | 541 | 0.3 (−2.9, 3.4) |
| Hit rate SE by inter-stimulus interval (ISI) | 57.4 (10.9) | (+) | 588 | −0.1 (−2.7, 2.6) | 246 | 0.7 (−2.9, 3.6) | 541 | −1.0 (−3.8, 1.7) |
| ADHD Confidence Index | 54.7 (21.9) | (+) | 588 | 2.2 (−2.9, 7.2) | 247 | 3.9 (−3.0, 10.8) | 541 | −3.2 (−8.4, 1.9) |
| Conners ADHD/DSM-IV Scales (CADS) - Parent Version (T-score) | ||||||||
| ADHD Index | 50.9 (9.1) | (+) | 598 | 1.9 (−0.2, 3.9) | 254 | 2.7 (−0.1, 5.5) | 542 | 1.3 (−0.9, 3.5) |
| DSM-IV total scale | 51.6 (9.1) | (+) | 597 | 1.5 (−0.7, 3.7) | 253 | 2.3 (−0.7, 5.3) | 541 | 1.9 (−0.4, 4.3) |
| Inattentive subscale | 49.7 (8.9) | (+) | 597 | 1.7 (−0.3, 3.7) | 253 | 2.6 (−0.1, 5.3) | 541 | 1.3 (−0.8, 3.4) |
| Hyperactive/Impulsive subscale | 53.6 (10.5) | (+) | 597 | 1.0 (−1.5, 3.4) | 253 | 1.5 (−1.9, 4.8) | 541 | 2.2 (−0.3, 4.8) |
| 10½ -yea r assessment | ||||||||
| Weschler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV) | ||||||||
| Processing Speed (standardized score) | 98.3 (12.1) | (−) | 580 | −4.2 (−7.1, −1.3) ** | 243 | −4.4 (−8.5, −0.3) * | 531 | −2.3 (−5.3, 0.8) |
| BASC-2-maternal report (T-score) | ||||||||
| Hyperactivity scale | 46.5 (8.0) | (+) | 574 | −0.5 (−2.4, 1.4) | 242 | −1.0 (−3.4, 1.5) | 525 | 0.3 (−1.8, 2.3) |
| Attention Problems scale | 49.1 (10.3) | (+) | 574 | 1.2 (−1.2, 3.7) | 242 | 2.3 (−1.1, 5.7) | 525 | 0.9 (−1.7, 3.5) |
| BASC-2-youth self-report (T-score) | ||||||||
| Hyperactivity scale | 47.2 (9.3) | (+) | 566 | −0.1 (−2.3, 2.2) | 237 | −0.2 (−3.6, 3.3) | 520 | 1.6 (−0.8, 4.0) |
| Attention Problems scale | 50.0 (9.7) | (+) | 558 | 0.3 (−2.1, 2.7) | 230 | −0.0 (−3.4, 3.3) | 511 | 0.9 (−1.6, 3.4) |
| 12-year assessment | ||||||||
| Conners' Continuous Performance Test II (CPT II) (T-scores) | ||||||||
| Errors of omission | 48.8 (9.3) | (+) | 567 | 2.2 (−0.2, 4.6) | 242 | 2.1 (−1.7, 5.9) | 525 | 1.3 (−1.3, 3.8) |
| Errors of commission | 49.0 (10.4) | (+) | 567 | 1.1 (−1.6, 3.7) | 242 | 0.8 (−3.1, 4.7) | 525 | −0.5 (−3.2, 2.2) |
| Hit rate standard error (SE) overall | 47.9 (9.1) | (+) | 567 | 1.6 (−0.7, 3.8) | 242 | 1.9 (−1.2, 5.0) | 525 | 1.2 (−1.2, 3.6) |
| Hit rate SE by block | 49.9 (9.6) | (+) | 567 | 2.9 (0.5, 5.3) * | 242 | 2.7 (−0.7, 6.1) | 525 | 1.3 (−1.3, 3.8) |
| Hit rate SE by inter-stimulus interval | 49.8 (9.4) | (+) | 567 | 0.1 (−2.3, 2.4) | 242 | 0.3 (−3.1, 3.7) | 525 | 0.8 (−1.6, 3.2) |
| ADHD Confidence Index | 46.7 (18.4) | (+) | 567 | 3.3 (−1.1, 7.7) | 242 | 3.9 (−2.2, 10.0) | 525 | 3.1 (−1.4, 7.7) |
| Conners ADHD/DSM-IV Scales (CADS) - Parent Version (T-score) | ||||||||
| ADHD Index | 49.8 (8.2) | (+) | 546 | 0.1 (−1.9, 2.2) | 230 | 0.4 (−2.4, 3.2) | 499 | 0.3 (−1.9, 2.4) |
| DSM-IV total scale | 49.9 (8.4) | (+) | 546 | −0.7 (−2.8, 1.4) | 230 | 0.1 (−2.8, 3.0) | 499 | 0.5 (−1.7, 2.8) |
| Inattentive subscale | 48.3 (7.4) | (+) | 546 | −0.1 (−1.9, 1.7) | 230 | 0.1 (−2.5, 2.6) | 499 | 0.9 (−1.1, 2.8) |
| Hyperactive/Impulsive subscale | 52.1 (9.2) | (+) | 546 | −1.3 (−3.7, 0.9) | 230 | −0.1 (−3.1, 3.0) | 499 | −0.2 (−2.7, 2.3) |
All models adjusted for child sex, parity, duration of breastfeeding, preschool attendance, and age at assessment; maternal age, education, IQ (PPVT score), and depression at child age 9; maternal prenatal smoking status; family structure (father present/absent) at time of assessment; household income; HOME score at child age 10½; and psychometrician or study interviewer who administered the task or rating scale. CPT II models also adjusted for time of day assessment occurred and child video game usage at age 9.
(+) higher scores indicate poorer performance/more symptomatic behavior.
Includes measured and back-extrapolated PBDE concentrations.
p<0.05
p<0.01