Table 1. Sociodemographic, Health, and Physical Activity Characteristics of the Study Samplea (n = 2,394), NHANES 2003–2006.
| Covariate | Valueb |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SE), yc | 48.3 (0.6) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 1,243 (48.6) |
| Female | 1,151 (51.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 1,292 (73.5) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 443 (9.7) |
| Mexican American | 485 (7.6) |
| Other | 174 (9.1) |
| Education | |
| <High school graduate | 601 (15.3) |
| High school graduate/general educational development (GED) | 603 (25.8) |
| Some college | 686 (32.1) |
| College graduate | 504 (26.8) |
| Smoking status | |
| Nonsmoker | 1,219 (51.4) |
| Former smoker (quit within the previous 6 mo) | 712 (27.2) |
| Smoker | 463 (21.4) |
| Waist circumference, mean (SE), in | 97.9 (0.5) |
| Hypertensiond | |
| Yes | 818 (26.9) |
| No | 1,576 (73.1) |
| Diabetes | |
| No diabetes | 1,346 (61.3) |
| Prediabetese | 837 (32.2) |
| Diabetesf | 211 (6.5) |
| Physical activity measureg | |
| Total activity counts per day | 268,912 (4,247) |
| MVPA ≥2,020 counts/minh, mean (SE), min | 7.0 (0.4) |
| MVPA ≥760 counts/minh, mean (SE), min | 15.2 (0.1) |
| Insulin resistance | |
| Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)i | 2.8 (0.7) |
| Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)j | 0.15 (0.0006) |
Abbreviations: MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SE, standard error.
The analytic sample (n = 2,394) met the following conditions: 1) they were adult men and women aged 20 years or older; 2) they attended a morning mobile examination center (MEC) after an overnight fast of 8 to 9 hours; 3) if they were female, were not pregnant or lactating; 4) they had complete data on all the variables of interest; and 5) they had at least 4 days of accelerometer data with 10 or more hours per day of wear time.
All values are number (weighted percentage) unless otherwise indicated.
Sample size was 2,394.
Defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, self-reported physician-diagnosed hypertension, or taking medication.
Physician-diagnosed prediabetes or a fasting blood glucose range of 100–125 mg/dL.
Physician-diagnosed, currently taking medication for diabetes, or having a fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL.
Data for each of these continuous variables were available for all 2,394 participants.
MVPA was measured in bouted minutes of activity.
HOMA-IR: (fasting insulin [uU/mL] × fasting glucose [mmol/L])/22.5.
QUICKI: 1/(log fasting glucose [mg/dL] + log fasting insulin [uU/mL]).