Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics
| Characteristic | Analytical Sample a | Excluded Participants a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N b | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
N b | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|
| Age (years) | 4413 | 72.6 ± 5.3 | 712 | 73.9 ± 6.7 |
| Females | 2518 (57.1) | 390 (54.8%) | ||
| African-American | 199 (4.5) | 41 (5.8) | ||
| Education: < High School | 4403 | 1199 (27.2) | 708 | 220 (31.1) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 4411 | 2001 (45.4) | 711 | 360 (50.6) |
| Former | 1895 (43.0) | 267 (37.6) | ||
| Current | 515 (11.7) | 84 (11.8) | ||
| Medical conditions c | ||||
| High blood pressure | 4371 | 1529 (35.0) | 702 | 256 (36.5) |
| Coronary artery disease d | 4156 | 831 (20.0) | 653 | 133 (20.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4387 | 416 (9.5) | 707 | 71 (10.0) |
| COPD e | 4388 | 409 (9.3) | 706 | 71 (10.1) |
| Asthma | 4400 | 285 (6.5) | 703 | 63 (9.0) |
| Heart failure | 4250 | 118 (2.8) | 677 | 21 (3.1) |
| Kidney disease | 4385 | 111 (2.5) | 705 | 22 (3.1) |
| Stroke | 4382 | 93 (2.1) | 705 | 15 (2.1) |
| Cancer (ever) | 4406 | 670 (15.2) | 710 | 99 (13.9) |
| Number of medical conditions | 4413 | 1.1 ± 1.1 f | 712 | 1.2 ± 1.1 |
| Dyspnea | ||||
| None or mild dyspnea g | 4413 | 3640 (82.5) | 686 | 552 (80.5) |
| Moderate-to-severe dyspnea h | 773 (17.5) | 134 (19.5) | ||
Abbreviations: ATS (American Thoracic Society), COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
Of the 5,201 participants in the original cohort, 4,413 met inclusion criteria, including completion of the ATS Adult Questionnaire and at least two ATS acceptable spirometric maneuvers, both at the baseline visit (analytical sample, N=4,413). Of the remaining 788 participants, 76 did not grant permission for data analysis and 712 did not meet our inclusion criteria (excluded participants, N=712).
Varies by missing data.
Self-reported, physician-diagnosed.
Angina or myocardial infarction.
Chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
Median 1 (interquartile range: 0-2).
Grade 0 or 1 on the ATS Adult Questionnaire.
Grade ≥2 on the ATS Adult Questionnaire.