. 2016 Oct 21;7:1575. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01575

Table 1.

Total VFA concentration and individual VFA proportions of rumen fluid in Holstein bull calves fed calf starter with (HAY group) and without (CON group) forage.

Item	HAY group (n = 8)				CON group (n = 8)					P-value
	Week −1	Week 0	Week 1	Week 3	Week −1	Week 0	Week 1	Week 3	SEM	Time (T)	Diet (D)	T × D
Total VFA, mM	75.62	83.09	92.44	103.68	98.35	85.54	105.20	104.40	5.16	0.115	0.599	0.609
VFA, mol/100 mol
Acetate	57.39^a	56.12^a	63.47^a	59.93^a	56.05^a	53.58^a	49.13^b	50.02^b	0.86	0.471	0.005	<0.001
Propionate	29.43^a	29.43^a	22.71^a	24.25^a	30.01^a	35.07^a	38.10^b	37.24^b	1.04	0.520	0.006	<0.001
Butyrate	8.43^a	8.79^a	8.87^a	10.39^a	9.76^a	7.30^a	7.46^a	7.83^b	0.32	0.261	0.279	0.050
Others¹	4.74^a	5.66^a	4.96^a	5.43^a	4.18^a	4.05^b	5.32^a	4.92^a	0.16	0.175	0.192	0.065
Acetate: propionate	2.08^a	2.08^a	2.93^a	2.65^a	2.12^a	1.60^a	1.33^b	1.45^b	0.11	0.395	0.015	<0.001

VFA components excluded acetate, propionate, and butyrate from total VFA.

^{a, b}

Means within a row, different superscripts differ (P < 0.05) between the HAY and CON groups at the same week point.