Table 1. Wild bird species sampled for virus detection during and after the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in Europe, the Netherlands, 21 February 2015–31 January 2016 (n = 7,337 animals).
| Order | Family | Species | During outbreak: 21 Feb 2015–13 May 2015 | After outbreak: 14 May 2015–31 Jan 2016 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birds sampled N |
AIV-positive birds N |
H5-positive birds N |
Pathotype | Birds sampled N |
AIV-positive birds N |
H5-positive birds N |
Pathotype | |||
| Anseriformes | Ducks | Common pochard (Aythya ferina) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Common teal (Anas crecca) | 8 | 0 | 0 | NA | 221 | 39 | 4 | LPAI | ||
| Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca) | 58 | 0 | 0 | NA | 136 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) | 175 | 1 | 1 | HPAI | 1,034 | 101 | 2 | LPAI | ||
| Gadwall (Anas strepera) | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 175 | 15 | 0 | NA | ||
| Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | 748 | 50 | 0 | NA | 2,464 | 354 | 15 | LPAI | ||
| Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) | 2 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Northern pintail (Anas acuta) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 7 | 3 | 0 | NA | ||
| Northern shoveler (Anas clypeata) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 17 | 2 | 0 | NA | ||
| Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Geese | Barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) | 96 | 5 | 4 | LPAI | 926 | 3 | 0 | NA | |
| Bean goose (Anser fabalis) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 8 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Brent goose (Branta bernicla) | 54 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Canada goose (Branta canadensis) | 3 | 0 | 0 | NA | 72 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Greylag goose (Anser anser) | 59 | 0 | 0 | NA | 239 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 55 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Swans | Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | 3 | 0 | 0 | NA | 31 | 1 | 0 | NA | |
| Charadriiformes | Gulls | Black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) | 84 | 0 | 0 | NA | 392 | 53 | 0 | NA |
| Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) | 4 | 0 | 0 | NA | 4 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Common gull (Larus canus) | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 18 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Great black-backed gull (Larus marinus) | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Herring gull (Larus argentatus) | 15 | 0 | 0 | NA | 32 | 2 | 0 | NA | ||
| Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 33 | 2 | 0 | NA | ||
| Mediterranean gull (Larus melanocephalus) | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 3 | 1 | 0 | NA | ||
| Yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Lapwings | Northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) | 6 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| Terns | Black tern (Chlidonias niger) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| Common tern (Sterna hirundo) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Columbiformes | Pigeons | Common wood-pigeon (Columba palumbus) | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Gruiformes | Coots | Common coot (Fulica atra) | 46 | 0 | 0 | NA | 92 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Rails | Little crake (Porzana parva) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | |
| Common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) | 3 | 0 | 0 | NA | 4 | 0 | 0 | NA | ||
| Total | 1,369 | 56 | 5 | NA | 5,968 | 576 | 21 | NA | ||
AIV: avian influenza virus; HPAI: highly pathogenic avian influenza; LPAI: low pathogenic avian influenza; N: number; NA: not applicable.
Surveillance activities were intensified from 21 February to 13 May 2015 (n = 1,369) and 1 September to 31 December 2015 (n = 3,736).