Table 3. Details of positive control sera titres from experimentally infected ferrets, a domestic duck, and a domestic goose with one low pathogenic (LPAI) H5 and different highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clades (n = 8 antisera).
| Antiserum raised against | Characteristics | Species | Haemagglutination inhibition assay | Virus neutralisation assay | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viruses | Viruses | ||||||||||
| LPAI | HPAI clade | HPAI clade | |||||||||
| 1a | 2.1b | 2.2c | 2.3d | 2.3.4.4e | 2.1b | 2.3d | 2.3.4.4e | ||||
| A/Mallard/Netherlands/3/1999 | LPAI H5N2 | Ferret | 160 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | ND | ND | ND |
| A/Viet Nam/1194/2004 | HPAI H5N1 clade 1 | Ferret | < 10 | 80 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | ND | ND | ND |
| A/Indonesia/5/2005 | HPAI H5N1 clade 2.1 | Ferret | < 10 | < 10 | 120 | < 10 | 60 | < 10 | 80 | < 10 | < 10 |
| A/Turkey/Turkey/1/2005 | HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2 | Ferret | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | 1,280 | 60 | < 10 | ND | ND | ND |
| A/Anhui/1/2005 | HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3 | Ferret | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | 20 | 320 | < 10 | < 10 | 160 | < 10 |
| A/Chicken/Netherlands/EMC-3/2014 | HPAI H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 | Ferret | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | 160 | < 10 | < 10 | 40 |
| Turkey/Germany/AR2487/2014 | HPAI H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 | Domestic duck | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | 160 | ND | ND | ND |
| Turkey/Germany/AR2487/2014 | HPAI H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 | Domestic goose | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | < 10 | 80 | ND | ND | ND |
HPAI: highly pathogenic avian influenza; LPAI: low pathogenic avian influenza; ND: not determined.
Lowest serum dilution tested was 10. Titres indicating the reactivity of sera to viruses homologous to the viruses, which the sera were raised against are in bold.
a A/Viet Nam/1194/2004.
b A/Indonesia/5/2005.
c A/Turkey/Turkey/1/2005.
d A/Anhui/1/2005.
e A/Chicken/Netherlands/EMC-3/2014.