Table 5. Birds species with antibodies to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 virusa, and number of respective animals, according to their haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres to the virus, during and after detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in Europe, the Netherlands, 14 November 2014–31 December 2015 (n = 382 birds).
| Species | Period relative to the outbreakb | HI titre to HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4 (H5N8) virus | High background | Total tested | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BLD | 10–40 | 40–80 | 80–160 | 160–320 | 320–640 | ≥ 640 | ||||
| Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) | During | 66 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78 |
| Lesser white-fronted goose (Anser erythropus) | During | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | During | 59 | 1 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 90 |
| Common coot (Fulica atra) | During | 83 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 84 |
| Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope) | After | 42 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 46 |
| Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca) | After | 27 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| Mute swan (Cygnus olor) | After | 19 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 29 |
| Common coot (Fulica atra) | After | 21 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 24 |
BLD: below limit of detection; HI: haemagglutination inhibition; HPAI: highly pathogenic avian influenza.
Lowest serum dilution tested was 10.
a A/Chicken/Netherlands/EMC-3/2014.
b The ‘outbreak’ refers to the six months following the detection of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in Europe and this extends from 14 November 2014 to 13 May 2015. The period after the ‘outbreak’ is from 1 September to 31 December 2015.