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. 2016 Sep 22;21(38):30349. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.38.30349

Table 6. Titres of confirmatory haemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralisation assays for sera positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4-specific antibodies in the initial screening, the Netherlands, 14 November 2014–31 December 2015 (n = 53 serum samples).

Period Speciesa Haemagglutination inhibition assay Virus neutralisation assay
Initial Confirmatory
LPAI
H5		 HPAI clade LPAI
H5		 HPAI clade HPAI clade
1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.4.4b 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.4.4 2.1 2.3 2.3.4.4
During the outbreak:2014/15 Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 50 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 100 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Eurasian wigeon 20 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 15 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 60 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 80
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 20 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 ND ND 20
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 40 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 ND ND 20
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 25 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 40
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 15 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 15 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 10
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 40 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 ND ND 40
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 120 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 160
Common coot < 10 40 < 10 < 10 30 40 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND < 10
Lesser white-fronted goose 20 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 70 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 120 320 < 30 640 40 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 160 160 < 30 640 200 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 30 < 180 320 < 180 960 60 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Mute swan < 120 < 120 120 < 120 320 240 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 80
Mute swan < 30 30 160 40 640 480 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 60
Mute swan < 60 < 60 < 40 < 40 60 480 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 240
Mute swan < 60 < 40 240 < 30 640 70 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 120 < 60 160 < 60 640 960 12 < 6 < 6 < 6 192 < 10 10 240
Mute swan < 10 < 40 320 < 40 1,280 70 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 60 480 30 2,560 60 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 30 < 120 240 < 120 480 70 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND < 10
Mute swan < 60 < 120 320 < 120 640 50 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 60 < 120 320 < 120 640 80 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 20
Mute swan < 10 < 60 320 < 60 960 70 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 120 160 640 30 2,560 240 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 60 40 320 30 1,280 120 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 30 30 160 < 30 640 50 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 ND ND ND ND 50 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20
Mute swan < 120 < 120 160 < 120 640 70 ND ND ND ND ND 20 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 160 320 < 120 1,280 70 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Mute swan < 60 < 120 160 < 120 640 50 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 30 40 160 < 60 640 50 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 30 < 30 160 < 30 320 35 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 < 180 320 < 180 640 100 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan 40 < 60 160 < 60 640 80 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Mute swan < 60 < 60 < 60 < 60 160 240 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 10
Mute swan < 60 < 240 < 240 < 240 < 240 480 12 < 6 < 6 < 6 96 < 10 < 10 60
Mute swan < 60 < 30 < 30 < 30 60 480 < 6 < 6 < 6 < 6 96 < 10 < 10 240
Mute swan < 120 < 120 < 120 < 120 320 480 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 60
After the outbreak: 2015 Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 160
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 10 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20
Eurasian wigeon < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 40 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 80
Common coot < 10 80 60 60 320 160 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 20
Egyptian goose < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 80 25 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND < 10
Mute swan 160 80 60 < 30 160 120 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 40
Mute swan 40 80 80 80 320 45 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 30 15 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 80 80 80 320 60 ND ND ND ND ND < 10 < 10 < 10
Mute swan < 10 160 160 240 320 80 ND ND ND ND ND 80 20 < 10

HPAI: highly pathogenic avian influenza; LPAI: low pathogenic avian influenza; ND: not determined.

Lowest serum dilution tested was 10 for the initial haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralisation assay and 6 for the confirmatory HI assay.

a Species included common coot (Fulica atra), Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca), Eurasian wigeon (Anas penelope), lesser white-fronted goose (Anser erythropus), mute swan (Cygnus olor).

b Mean titre of in duplo tested samples.