Table 1.
Bivariate Associations Between Demographic, Mental Health, Psychosocial, and Behavioral Factors and Smoking Status (n = 598)
| Total (n = 598)% (n) | Never smoker (n = 178)% (n) | Former smoker (n = 242)% (n) | Current smoker (n = 178)% (n) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||
| Race | |||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 38 (229) | 31 (56) | 42 (101) | 40 (72) | 0.008 |
| Black | 15 (89) | 20 (35) | 12 (30) | 14 (24) | |
| API/Multiracial/Other | 18 (107) | 25 (45) | 15 (35) | 15 (27) | |
| White non-Hispanic | 29 (173) | 24 (42) | 31 (76) | 31 (55) | |
| School enrollment | |||||
| Currently in school | 86 (512) | 92 (163) | 88 (214) | 76 (135) | <0.001 |
| Not currently in school | 14 (86) | 8 (15) | 12 (28) | 24 (43) | |
| Perceived familial SES | |||||
| Lower & lower middle | 34 (200) | 37 (65) | 31 (74) | 34 (61) | 0.396 |
| Middle | 37 (222) | 39 (70) | 37 (90) | 35 (62) | |
| Upper & upper middle | 29 (176) | 24 (43) | 32 (78) | 31 (55) | |
| Sexual orientation | |||||
| Exclusively homosexual | 41 (248) | 46 (81) | 42 (102) | 37 (65) | 0.219 |
| Not exclusively homosexual | 59 (350) | 54 (97) | 58 (140) | 63 (113) | |
| Mental health factors | |||||
| Depressive symptomatology | |||||
| None | 7 (41) | 6 (10) | 9 (22) | 5 (9) | <0.001 |
| Minimal | 80 (480) | 88 (156) | 80 (194) | 73 (130) | |
| Moderate to severe | 13 (77) | 7 (12) | 11 (26) | 22 (39) | |
| ADHD symptomatology | |||||
| None | 93 (554) | 96 (171) | 93 (224) | 89 (159) | 0.051 |
| Meets criteria for 1 or both subtypes | 7 (44) | 4 (7) | 7 (18) | 11 (19) | |
| PTSD symptomatology | |||||
| None | 12 (70) | 12 (22) | 13 (31) | 10 (17) | 0.007 |
| Minimal | 65 (391) | 71 (125) | 67 (163) | 57 (103) | |
| Moderate to severe | 23 (137) | 17 (31) | 20 (48) | 33 (58) | |
| Suicidal ideation | |||||
| No ideation | 83 (499) | 88 (156) | 86 (207) | 76 (136) | 0.009 |
| Ideation in past year | 17 (99) | 12 (22) | 14 (35) | 24 (42) | |
| Suicide attempt | |||||
| No attempt | 95 (568) | 97 (173) | 95 (229) | 93 (166) | 0.224 |
| Attempt(s) in past year | 5 (30) | 3 (5) | 5 (13) | 7 (12) | |
| Psychosocial factors | |||||
| Parental psychopathology | |||||
| No parental history | 57 (341) | 61 (109) | 59 (142) | 51 (90) | 0.101 |
| Some reported history | 43 (257) | 39 (69) | 41 (100) | 49 (88) | |
| Internalized homophobia | |||||
| No | 28 (170) | 34 (61) | 22 (52) | 32 (57) | 0.007 |
| Yes | 72 (428) | 66 (117) | 78 (190) | 68 (121) | |
| Gay community affinity | |||||
| No | 23 (136) | 30 (53) | 22 (53) | 17 (30) | 0.013 |
| Yes | 77 (462) | 70 (125) | 78 (189) | 83 (148) | |
| Other substance use | |||||
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| No alcohol in past 30 days | 21 (124) | 43 (77) | 16 (38) | 5 (9) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumed past 30 days | 79 (473) | 57 (101) | 84 (204) | 95 (168) | |
| Marijuana consumption | |||||
| No Marijuana in past 30 days | 54 (321) | 85 (151) | 53 (128) | 24 (42) | <0.001 |
| Marijuana consumed past 30 days | 46 (276) | 15 (27) | 47 (114) | 76 (135) | |