Table 1.

Demographics of D/HH and Hearing Study Participants

Demographic	Level	Hearing Status
		D/HH		Hearing
		N	M (SD) or %	N	M (SD) or %
Age****		154	17.0 (.84)	89	15.8 (1.1)
Gender**	Male	83	53.2	30	33
	Female	73	46.8	61	67
Grade****	8th			8	8.8
	9th			14	15.4
	10th	31	20	27	29.7
	11th	86	55.5	36	39.5
	12th	38	24.5	5	5.5
	13th			1	1.1
Hispanic ethnicity	Yes	31	20.3	12	13.2
	No	122	79.7	79	86.8
Race!	White	95	63.3	47	51.6
	African American	13	8.7	17	18.7
	Asian	12	8	9	9.9
	Native Hawaiian or other PI	1	0.7
	Native American, American Indian, Alaskan Native	8	5.3	1	1.1
	Other	21	14	17	18.7
Childhood socioeconomic status****	Low	41	29.7	6	6.8
	High	97	70.3	82	93.2
Cultural identity	Culturally Deaf	25	17.4
	Deaf	63	43.8
	Hard of hearing	35	24.3
	Hearing impaired	16	11.1
	Hearing	3	2.1	91	100
	Other	2	1.4
Best language	ASL/Sign Language	38	26.8
	English	49	34.5	88	96.7
	Both ASL and English	55	38.7
	Other Language			3	3.3
Age onset of deafness	At birth	77	53.9
	By 3 years	34	23.8
	After 3 years	22	15.4
	Are Hearing	2	1.4	91	100
	Don’t know	8	5.6
Deaf parents	One or more deaf	20	14.2
	Hearing	121	85.8
Deaf immediate family	One or more deaf	35	24.8
	Hearing	106	75.2
Deaf extended family	One or more deaf	45	31.9
	Hearing	98	68.1
Have hearing aid	Yes	93	64.1
	No	52	35.9
Have cochlear implant	Yes	52	37.1
	No	88	62.9
Hearing without hearing assistance	1 = You hear everything	8	5.7
	2	12	8.5
	3	40	28.4
	4	28	19.9
	5 = You hear nothing	53	37.6
Hearing with hearing assistance	1 = You hear everything	31	27.2
	2	29	25.4
	3	19	16.7
	4	17	14.9
	5 = You hear nothing	18	15.8

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