Table 2.
Study | Overall Risk of Bias | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participant into the study | Bias in measurement of interventions | Bias due to departures from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chan 2009 [30] | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Lai 2009 [32] | Critical | Critical | Serious | Serious | Serious | No info | Low | Moderate |
Wizemann 2010 [33] | Critical | Serious | Critical | Moderate | No info | No info | Moderate | Serious |
Winkelmayer 2011 [22] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Olesen 2012 [23] | Serious | Serious | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate |
Khalid 2013 [34] | Critical | Critical | Critical | Moderate | Serious | No info | Low | Moderate |
Wakasugi 2014 [29] | Critical | Critical | Serious | Low | Low | No info | Low | Moderate |
Bonde 2014 [24] | Serious | Serious | Low | Moderate | Serious | Low | Low | Serious |
Carrero 2014 [25] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Chen 2014 [26] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Friberg 2014 [13] | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Shah 2014 [27] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Genovesi 2015 [31] | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Low | Low | No info | Low | Moderate |
Chan KE 2015 [20] | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Low | Moderate |
Chan PH 2015 [21] | Critical | Serious | Critical | Low | Serious | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
Shen 2015 [28] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Wang 2015 [14] | Critical | Serious | Critical | Low | Serious | No info | Moderate | Serious |
Yodogawa 2015 [35] | Critical | Serious | Critical | Moderate | No info | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
Findlay 2016 [15] | Critical | Critical | Critical | No info | Critical | No info | Moderate | Moderate |
Tanaka 2016 [16] | Critical | Critical | Critical | Low | Critical | Low | Moderate | Moderate |