Table 1.
Characteristics of prospective cohort studies investigating total dietary fructose intake and incident gout
| Study, year | Country | Participants | Age range | Duration | Dietary assessment | Divisions | Total incidence | Exposure range (total fructose) | Method of outcome measure | Funding source* | Adjustments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choi et al,38 2008 Males |
USA | 46 393 M | 40–75 | 12 years | Food frequency questionnaire (repeated every 4 years) | Quintiles | 755 | <6.9–>11.8 (% energy) | Self-report and supplementary questionnaire | Agency | Age, total energy intake, BMI, diuretic use, hypertension, renal failure, alcohol, vitamin C, percentage of energy from carbohydrates |
| Choi et al,39 2010 Females |
USA | 78 906 F | 30–55 | 22 years | Food frequency questionnaire (repeated every 4 years) | Quintiles | 778 | <7.5–>11.9 (% energy) | Self-report and supplementary questionnaire | Agency | Age, total energy intake, BMI, menopause, hormone therapy, diuretic use, hypertension, alcohol, vitamin C, caffeine, percentage of energy from carbohydrates |
*Agency funding is that from government, university or not-for-profit health agency sources.
BMI, body mass index.