Table 1.

Tissue-engineered ATMPs for skin defects

Product	Manufacturer	Active substance	Indication	Status
Allogeneic
Apligraf® [23]	Organogenesis, USA	allogeneic fibroblasts and keratinocytes in collagen matrix	ulcers	commercially available in the USA
Dermagraft® [61]	Organogenesis, USA	allogeneic fibroblasts on polyglactin	diabetic foot ulcer treatment	commercially available in the USA
FirstCover [62]	Elanix Biotechnologies AG, Switzerland	fetal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in matrix	acute skin wound care	in development
Autologous
Engineered skin substitute (Permaderm®) [64, 65]	Amarantus Bio Sciences, USA	autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes in collagen matrix	severe bums	in development
				ODD for the treatment of severe burns granted by FDA
Tisscover® [25, 66]	A-Skin, The Netherlands	fibroblasts and epidermal sheet	ulcers	in development
Self-assembled skin substitute [67, 68]	CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Canada	fibroblasts and keratinocytes	large burns	in development
Epicel® [63]	Vericel Corporation, USA	autologous keratinocytes	large burns	commercially available in USA
denovoDerm [15]	Tissue Biology Research Unit, University of Zurich, Switzerland	fibroblasts in collagen hydrogel	skin defects	in development
denovoSkin [15]	Tissue Biology Research Unit, University of Zurich, Switzerland	fibroblasts in collagen hydrogel and keratinocytes	skin defects	in development
				ODD for the treatment of burns granted by EMA and Swissmedic