Table 2.

Percent change of charges associated with outpatient visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient admissions between the CPP and PCP cohorts

	% Change
Outpatient Visits
Outpatient Visit Charges	22.6
Charges per Visit	−20.7
Emergency Department Visits
Total Emergency Department Visits Charges	−45.6
Emergency Department charges related to HTN, DM, Pain	21.0
Inpatient Admissions
Total Inpatient Charges	−13.2
Inpatient Charges related to HTN, DM, Pain	30.4

Due to proprietary concerns regarding Medicare charges, percent change was used to show the difference in charges between the CPP and PCP cohorts. If the value in the table above is negative, then the CPP cohort variable is n% less than the PCP cohort variable. The converse is true for a positive number: the CPP cohort variable is n% more than the PCP cohort. For example, the CPP cohort resulted in 22.6 % higher outpatient visit charges and 20.7 % lower outpatient charges per visit than the PCP cohort

$\mathrm{Percent}\mathrm{Change}=\frac{\left(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{value}–\mathrm{P}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{value}\right)}{\left(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{value}\right)}\times 100$