Table 1.
The most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the time course in PHN-treated plants
| AGI identifier | Gene annotation | 30 min | 2 h | 4 h | 8 h | 24 h | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio | p-value | Ratio | p-value | Ratio | p-value | Ratio | p-value | Ratio | p-value | ||
| Genes rapidly upregulated after 30 min of treatmentwhose levles remained high throughout the time course | |||||||||||
| AT1G70800 | EHB1__Calcium-dependent lipid-binding (CaLB domain) family protein | 0.64 | 4 . 88E-02 | 1.23 | 2.80E-09 | 1.91 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.97 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.19 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G38620a | ATMYB4_MYB4_myb domain protein 4 | 3.51 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.19 | 0. 00E + 00 | 2.30 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.18 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.94 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G47950 | unknown protein | 1.49 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.27 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.27 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.65 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.91 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G48540a | receptor-like protein kinase-related family protein | 1.42 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.44 | 0.00E + 00 | 3.27 | 0.00E + 00 | 3.48 | 0.00E + 00 | 3.51 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G59820a | RHL41_ZAT12__C2H2-type zinc finger family protein | 1.19 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.63 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.14 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.70 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.50 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G16900 | Arabidopsis p hosp holip ase-like protein (PEARLI 4) family | 0.98 | 3.61E-09 | 1.68 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.67 | 3.06E-11 | 1.61 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.16 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G68620 b | alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein | 0.93 | 6. 02E-08 | 2.18 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.68 | 2.29E-11 | 2.77 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.70 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G56630b | PFK7__phosphofructokinase 7 | 0.91 | 2.45E-07 | 1.59 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.41 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.54 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.53 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G22840a | ELIP_ELIP1__Chlorophyll A-B binding family protein | 0.89 | 6.36E-07 | 1.40 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.19 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.70 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.38 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G63840 | RING/U-box superfamily protein | 0.83 | 1.31E-05 | 1.80 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.64 | 1.22E-10 | 2.10 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.16 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G36590 | ATPROT3_ProT3__proline transporter 3 | 0.79 | 7. 54E-05 | 1.42 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.93 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.80 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.24 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G39670 | Glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP) family protein | 0.73 | 1.16E-03 | 1.26 | 9.30E-10 | 1.01 | 4.52E-02 | 1.42 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.13 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G27657 | unknown protein | 0.70 | 4.31E-03 | 1.26 | 6.61E-10 | 1.10 | 4.30E-03 | 1.75 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.74 | 2.19E-03 |
| AT4G15248a | B-box type zinc fnger family protein | 1.39 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.75 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.04 | 1.93E-02 | 0.35 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.63 | 0.00E + 00 |
| Genes differentially upregulated after 2 h whose levels remained high | |||||||||||
| AT2G35980 | ATNHL10_NHL10_YLS9__Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family | 0.56 | 7.20E-01 | 1.72 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.96 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.81 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.34 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G22600 | Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein | 0.16 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.68 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.96 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.36 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.96 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G25640 | ATDTX35_DTX35_FFT__detoxifying efflux carrier 35 | 0.27 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.66 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.40 | 6.73E-07 | 1.98 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.11 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G21560 | UGT84A2__UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein | 0.52 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.48 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.21 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.60 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.93 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G74010b | Calcium-dependent phosphotriesterase superfamily protein | 0.46 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.39 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.68 | 3.06E-11 | 1.32 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.50 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G75040 | PR-5_PR5__pathogenesis-related gene 5 | 0.21 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.32 | 3.84E-11 | 1.50 | 2.24E-08 | 1.71 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.75 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G30700 | FAD-binding Berberine family protein | 0.48 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.26 | 9. 30E-10 | 1.06 | 1.24E-02 | 1.56 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.28 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G04300 | RmlC-like cupins superfamily protein | 0.37 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.25 | 1.14E-09 | 1.73 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.08 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.25 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G18980 | RmlC-like cupins superfamily protein | 0.2 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.16 | 6.26E-08 | 1.55 | 3.16E-09 | 1.57 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.59 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G76980 | unknown protein | 0.51 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.15 | 9.70E-08 | 1.67 | 4.59E-11 | 1.78 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.85 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G54500b | FQR1__flavodoxin-like quinone reductase 1 | 0.47 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.12 | 3.41E-07 | 1.14 | 1.72E-03 | 1.50 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.79 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G74450 | Protein of unknown function (DUF793) | 0.41 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.09 | 1.17E-06 | 1.16 | 9.83E-04 | 1.06 | 3.11E-09 | 1.10 | 2.24E-11 |
| AT3G04000b | NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein | 0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.95 | 3.38E-04 | 1.16 | 1.01E-03 | 1.53 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.23 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G27120 | Galactosyltransferase family protein | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.91 | 1.33E-03 | 2.00 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.30 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.45 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G17500 | Auxin efflux carrier family protein | −0.20 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.80 | 4.29E-02 | 1.19 | 3.99E-04 | 1.79 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.20 | 0.00E + 00 |
| Genes differentially upregulated after 4 h of treatment | |||||||||||
| AT1G78340 | ATGSTU22_GSTU22__glutathione S-transferase TAU 22 | 0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.56 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.62 | 2.45E-10 | 1.75 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.69 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G17170 | ATGSTU24_GST_GSTU24__glutathione S-transferase TAU 24 | 0.06 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.39 | 1. 00E + 00 | 1.57 | 1.98E-09 | 2.00 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.05 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G51660 | Tautomerase/MIF superfamily protein | 0.10 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.75 | 1.85E-01 | 1.47 | 5.93E-08 | 1.8 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.27 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G36270 b | similar to DHAR2, glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) | 0.00 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.55 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.38 | 1.16E-06 | 1.56 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.74 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G15480 | UGT84A1__UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein | 0.18 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.47 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.27 | 4.29E-05 | 1.02 | 2.61E-08 | 1.40 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G78380 | ATGSTU19_GST8_GSTU19__glutathione S-transferase TAU 19 | 0.1 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.69 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.23 | 1.42E-04 | 1.45 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.49 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G29500 | HSP20-like chaperones superfamily protein | 0.16 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.29 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.15 | 1.22E-03 | 1.11 | 1.94E-10 | 1.53 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G75030 | ATLP-3_TLP-3__thaumatin-like protein 3 | 0.19 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.59 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.13 | 1.98E-03 | 1.45 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.35 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G75270 b | DHAR2__dehydroascorbate reductase 2 | 0.36 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.78 | 8.04E-02 | 1.09 | 5.83E-03 | 1.60 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.49 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G64900 | CYP89_CYP89A2__cytochrome P450, family 89, subfamly A, polypeptide 2 | −0.03 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.33 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.08 | 6.73E-03 | 1.16 | 1.49E-11 | 1.19 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G13520b | AGP12_ATAGP12__arabinogalactan protein 12 | 0.17 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.57 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.08 | 6.96E-03 | 1.39 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.88 | 4.96E-06 |
| AT2G12190 | Cytochrome P450 superfamily protein | −0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.43 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.04 | 1.98E-02 | 0.97 | 3.77E-07 | 0.96 | 6.31E-08 |
| AT4G13180b | NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein | 0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.29 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.03 | 2.87E-02 | 1.07 | 1.53E-09 | 1.39 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G05680 | UGT74E2__Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 74E2 | 0.14 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.05 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.01 | 4.09E-02 | 1.8 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.83 | 3.77E-05 |
| AT2G48140 | EDA4 Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein | 0.02 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.74 | 2.24E-01 | 1.20 | 2.82E-04 | 0.73 | 9.70E-03 | 0.40 | 1.00E + 00 |
| AT3G09270 | ATGSTU8_GSTU8__glutathione S-transferase TAU 8 | −0.12 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.41 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.15 | 1.12E-03 | 0.26 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.09 | 5.98E-11 |
| AT1G23490 | ARF 1_ATARF_ATARF 1_ATARFA1A__ADP-ribosylation fictor 1 | 0.48 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.76 | 1 49E-01 | 1.04 | 1.99E-02 | 0.64 | 2.29E-01 | 1.32 | 0.00E + 00 |
| ATI G58370 b | ATXYN1_RXF12_glycosyl hydrolase famly 10 protein/carbohydrate-binding domain-containing | 0.17 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.64 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.13 | 2.13E-03 | 0.08 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.86 | 1.10E-05 |
| Genes differentially upregulated after 8 h of treatment | |||||||||||
| AT5G22140 | FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein | 0.3 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.76 | 1.00E + 00 | 2.15 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.97 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G44190 | FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein | 0.03 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.21 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.95 | 1.78E-01 | 2.05 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.01 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G23110 | Late embryogenesis abundant protein, group 6 | 0.45 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.78 | 8.62E-02 | 0.51 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.87 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.04 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G64250 | Aldolase-type TIM barrel family protein | −0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.35 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.59 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.62 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.55 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G28210a | PMZ_SAP12__zinc finger (AN1-like) family protein | 0.36 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.52 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.98 | 8.17E-02 | 1.60 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.09 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G75280b | NmrA-like negative transcriptional regulator family protein | 0.15 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.62 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.86 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.56 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.37 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G24160 | alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein | −0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.40 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.59 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.52 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.25 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G10500 | anac053_NAC053__NAC domain containing protein 53 | 0.12 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.77 | 1.19E-01 | 0.66 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.48 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.16 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G01180a | ATLPP1_ATPAP1_LPP1_PAP1__phosphatidic acid phosphatase 1 | 0.20 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.33 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.95 | 1.92E-01 | 1.44 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.97 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G54206 | similar to 12-oxophytodienoate reductase OPR1 | 0.17 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.15 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.29 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.41 | 0.00E + 00 | 2.04 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G29460 b | ATGSTU4_GST22_GSTU4__glutathione S-transferase tau 4 | 0.12 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.52 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.00 | 5.79E-02 | 1.37 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.95 | 1.12E-07 |
| AT4G34131 | UGT73B3__UDP-glucosyl transferase 73B3 | 0.33 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.38 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.89 | 7.10E-01 | 1.31 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.38 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G05670 | Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR-like) superfamily protein | 0.20 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.71 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.30 | 0.00E + 00 | 0.69 | 1.70E-02 |
| AT1G77120b | ADH_ADH1_ATADH_ATADH1__alcohol dehydrogenase 1 | −0.18 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.54 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.25 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.30 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.02 | 3.44E-09 |
| AT2G21620 | RD2__Adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases-like superfamily protein | −0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.75 | 1.73E-01 | 0.94 | 2.14E-01 | 1.28 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.82 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G66580 | RPL10C_SAG24__senescence associated gene 24 | 0.32 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.45 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.63 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.26 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.44 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G36950 | Heavy metal transport/detoxification superfamily protein | 0.21 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.45 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.10 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.26 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.01 | 4.60E-09 |
| AT1G72490 | unknown protein | −0.09 | 1. 00E + 00 | 0.20 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.25 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.10 | 2.24E-11 |
| AT1G67600a | Acid phosphatase/vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase-related protein | 0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.45 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.5 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.25 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.07 | 1.94E-10 |
| AT5G27760 | Hypoxia-responsive family protein | 0.14 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.47 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.83 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.19 | 0.00E + 00 | 1.43 | 0.00E + 00 |
| Genes differentially upregulated after 24 h of treatment | |||||||||||
| AT1G65290b | mtACP2__mitochondrial acyl carrier protein 2 | 0.13 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.13 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.34 | 1.00E + 00 | 2.63 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G3 7990b | ATCAD8_CAD-B2_ELI3_ELI3-2__elicitor-activated gene 3-2 | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.3 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.34 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | 2.43 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G25260 | SPFH/Band 7/PHB domain-containing membrane-associated protein family | −0.1 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.30 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | 2.07 | 0. 00E + 00 |
| AT2G18690 | unknown protein | 0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.70 | 7.28E-01 | 0.54 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.66 | 1.32E-01 | 1.98 | 0. 00E + 00 |
| AT4G12490 | Bifunctional inhibitor/lipid-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein | 0.22 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.66 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.90 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G14870 | AtPCR2_PCR2_PLANT CADMIUM RESISTANCE 2 | −0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.51 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.48 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.76 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT2G23150 | ATNRAMP3_NRAMP3__natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 3 | −0.17 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.16 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.59 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.69 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT2G17740 | Cysteine/Histidine-rich C1 domain family protein | −0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.15 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.66 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.20 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.67 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G66090 | Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS class) | 0.36 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.29 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.66 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.55 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.67 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT5G06320 | NHL3_NDR1/HN1-Ike 3 | −0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.08 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.31 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.60 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT2G29350 | SAG13__senescence-associated gene 13 | −0.17 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.17 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.82 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.59 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.55 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G13330 | AHP2__Arabidopsis Hop2 homolog | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.09 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.69 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.36 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.55 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT5G13320 | GDG1_GH3.12_PBS3_WIN3__Auxin-responsive GH3 family protein | −0.1 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.25 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.54 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT5G17380b | Thiamine pyrophosphate dependent pyruvate decarboxylase family protein | 0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.35 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.65 | 1.76E-01 | 1.48 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT2G20142a | Toll-Interleukin-Resistance (TIR) domain family protein | 0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.05 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.21 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.23 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.47 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT4G26200 | ACS7_ATACS7__1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 | 0.22 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.18 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.26 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.44 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G74710 | ATICS1_EDS16_ICS1_SID2__ADC synthase superfamily protein | 0.05 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.19 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.14 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.09 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.41 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT4G11890 | Protein kinase superfamily protein | 0.10 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.19 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.56 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.38 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT5G25250 | SPFH/Band 7/PHB domain-containing membrane-associated protein family | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.40 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.38 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G26380 | FAD-binding Berberine family protein | 0.24 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.24 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.34 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.43 | 1.00E + 00 | 1.38 | 0 00E + 00 |
| Genes differentially down-regulated after 2 h of treatment whose levels remained low | |||||||||||
| AT1G26810 | GALT1__galactosyltransferase1 | −0.13 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.16 | 7.36E-08 | −1.71 | 7.64E-12 | −1.65 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.79 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT3G19450b | ATCAD4_CAD_CAD-C_CAD4__GroES-like zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase family protein | 0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.82 | 2.57E-02 | −1.22 | 1.62E-04 | −1.74 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.74 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G48930b | HCT__hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase | −0.20 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.17 | 5.58E-08 | −1.11 | 3.21E-03 | −1.50 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.18 | 0 00E + 00 |
| Genes differentially downregulated after 4 h of treatment whose levels remained low | |||||||||||
| AT1G08630b | THA1__threonine aldolase 1 | 0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.54 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.81 | 0.00E + 00 | −0.92 | 3.97E-06 | −1.62 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G43160a | RAP2.6__related to AP2 6 | 0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.57 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.57 | 1.81E-09 | −1.16 | 7.45E-12 | −0.99 | 1.74E-08 |
| AT5G49730 | ATFRO6_FRO6_FRO6__ferric reduction oxidase 6 | −0.05 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.27 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.35 | 3.59E-06 | −0.79 | 9.47E-04 | −1.46 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT5G25460 | Protein of unknown function, DUF642 | −0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.55 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.30 | 1.38E-05 | −1.72 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.41 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT4G29905 | unknown protein | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.29 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.16 | 9.80E-04 | −0.76 | 3.17E-03 | −1.83 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G05240 | Peroxidase superfamily protein | 0.08 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.19 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.07 | 9. 14E-03 | −1.48 | 0.00E + 00 | −0.91 | 8 55E-07 |
| AT4G23400 | PIP1;5_PIP1D__plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1;5 | −0.29 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.16 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.06 | 1.23E-02 | −0.99 | 1.06E-07 | −1.50 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G69100 | Eukaryotic aspartyl protease family protein | 0.13 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.06 | 1.39E-02 | −1.21 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.03 | 2 08E-09 |
| AT5G01210b | HXXXD-type acyl-transferase famiy protein | 0.05 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.78 | 8.20E-02 | −1.65 | 7.64E-11 | −1.37 | 0.00E + 00 | −0.38 | 1.00E + 00 |
| AT2G45960 | ATHH2_PIP1;2_PIP1B_TMP-A__plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1B | −0.17 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.14 | 1.71E-03 | −0.77 | 2.47E-03 | −0.37 | 1.00E + 00 |
| AT1G65930b | cICDH__cytosolic NADP + −dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase | −0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.29 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.13 | 2.23E-03 | −0.96 | 5.06E-07 | −0.56 | 1.00E + 00 |
| AT4G14040 | EDA38_SBP2__selenium-binding protein 2 | 0.21 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.31 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.01 | 3. 90E-02 | −0.70 | 3.08E-02 | −0.60 | 4.43E-01 |
| AT1G64370 | unknown protein | −0.15 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.22 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.01 | 3. 93E-02 | −0.77 | 1.80E-03 | −0.16 | 1.00E + 00 |
| Genes differentially downregulated afteer 8 h of treatment whose levels remained low | |||||||||||
| AT3G03780b | ATMS2_MS2__methionine synthase 2 | 0.15 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.55 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.50 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.66 | 0.00E + 00 | −2.22 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT4G22210 | LCR85__low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich 85 | −0.16 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.27 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.69 | 1^+00 | −1.56 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.27 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT4G15390 | HXXXD-type acyl-transferase famiy protein | 0.08 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.44 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.70 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.39 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.54 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT3G59970b | MTHFR1__methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 1 | 0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.54 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.40 | 1.^+0 | −1.30 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.06 | 2.69E-10 |
| AT2G44160b | MTHFR2__methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 2 | 0.20 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.52 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.28 | 0.00E + 00 | −0.95 | 1 38E-07 |
| AT5G39210 | CRR7__chlororespiratory reduction 7 | −0.09 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.14 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.58 | 1.^+0 | −1.27 | 0.00E + 00 | −0.89 | 2 07E-06 |
| AT3G19820 | CBB1_DIM_DIM1_DWF1_EVE1__cell elongation protein/DWARF1 / DIMINUTO (DIM) | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.45 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.27 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.15 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G29600a | Zinc finger C-x8-C-x5-C-x3-H type family protein | −0.10 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.15 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.19 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.22 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.02 | 2.45E-09 |
| AT4G12545 | Bifunctional mhbitor/lpkl-transfer protein/seed storage 2S albumin superfamily protein | −0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.70 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.20 | 0.00E + 00 | −1.66 | 0 00E + 00 |
| AT1G11860b | Glycine cleavage T-protein family | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.16 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.32 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.17 | 7.45E-12 | −1.14 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G60320 | Protein of unknown function (DUF630 and DUF632) | 0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.18 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.72 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.10 | 3.72E-10 | −0.77 | 6.14E-04 |
| AT5G24760 | GroES-like zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein | −0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.50 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.34 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.08 | 1.44E-09 | −1.19 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G17920b | ATCIMS_ATMETS_ATMS1__Cobalamin-independent synthase family protein | 0.13 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.26 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.41 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.06 | 3.43E-09 | −0.99 | 1.51E-08 |
| AT3G06350b | EMB3004_MEE32__dehydroquinate dehydratase, putative/shikimate dehydrogenase, putative | −0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.25 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.62 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.03 | 1.42E-08 | −0.85 | 1.91E-05 |
| AT3G16390b | NSP3__nitrile specifier protein 3 | 0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.20 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.30 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.03 | 1.88E-08 | −1.02 | 2.19E-09 |
| AT1G29560a | Zinc finger C-x8-C-x5-C-x3-H type family protein | 0.15 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.38 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.45 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.00 | 8.83E-08 | −0.93 | 2.64E-07 |
| AT5G03300b | ADK2__adenosine kinase 2 | 0.16 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.30 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.99 | 1.40E-07 | −0.94 | 1.98E-07 |
| AT1G80830 | ATNRAMP1_NRAMP1_PMIT1__natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 | −0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.46 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.93 | 2.79E-01 | −0.99 | 1.54E-07 | −0.75 | 1.16E-03 |
| AT4G14890 | FdC2__2Fe-2S ferredoxin-like superfamily protein | −0.10 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.19 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.48 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.97 | 2.69E-07 | −1.01 | 4.56E-09 |
| AT5G65010b | ASN2__asparagine synthetase 2 | −0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.15 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.97 | 2.79E-07 | −0.84 | 3.11E-05 |
| Genes differentially downregulated only after 24 h of treatment | |||||||||||
| AT5G36910a | THI2.2__thionin 2.2 | −0.16 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.38 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.21 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.73 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT2G25510 | unknown protein | −0.09 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.23 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.40 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.52 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT1G17190 | ATGSTU26_GSTU26__glutathione S-transferase tau 26 | −0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.19 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.32 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.31 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.41 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G16450 | JAL33__Mannose-binding lectin superfamily protein | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.51 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.67 | 9.73E-02 | −1.30 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G35100 | PIP2;7_PIP3_PIP3A_SIMIP__plasma membrane intrinsic protein 3 | 0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.10 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.81 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.67 | 7.65E-02 | −1.26 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G28270 | Protein ofunknown function (DUF677) | −0.26 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.46 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.25 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.57 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.26 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G51720 | 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding | −0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.25 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.17 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.38 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.24 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT5G24420b | PGL5__6-phosphogluconolactonase 5 | 0.00 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.05 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.32 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.20 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G13870a | ATWEX_ATWRNEXO_WEX_WRNEXO__Werner syndrome-like exonuclease | −0.02 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.10 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.61 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.34 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.19 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G02380b | ATCOL2_COL2__CONSTANS-like 2 | −0.11 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.60 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.41 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.15 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT4G16980b | arab inogalactan-p rotein family | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.10 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.84 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.54 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.14 | 0.00E + 00 |
| AT3G45140 | ATLOX2_LOX2__lipoxygenase 2 | −0.12 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.51 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.51 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.24 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.11 | 1.50E-11 |
| AT1G12090 | ELP__extensin-like protein | −0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.52 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.33 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.08 | 8.97E-11 |
| AT1G54000 | GLL22__GDSL-like Lipase/Acylhydrolase superfamily protein | 0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.28 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.77 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.55 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.06 | 3.59E-10 |
| AT5G58260b | NdhN__oxidoreductases, acting on NADH or NADPH, quinone or similar compound as acceptor | 0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.14 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.58 | 1.00E + 00 | −1.05 | 6.51E-10 |
| AT3G16420 | JAL30_PBP1__PYK10-binding protein 1 | −0.04 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.64 | 2.36E-01 | −1.02 | 2.91E-09 |
| AT3G16440 | ATMLP-300B_MEE36_MLP-300B__myrosinase-binding protein-like protein-300B | −0.24 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.21 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.37 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.38 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.91 | 9.46E-07 |
| AT3G15850b | ADS3_FAD5_FADB_JB67__fatty acid desaturase 5 | −0.21 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.68 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.06 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.91 | 9.94E-07 |
| AT3G01480 | ATCYP38_CYP38__cyclophilin 38 | 0.07 | 1.00E + 00 | 0.01 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.76 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.54 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.88 | 4.47E-06 |
| AT3G11170b | AtFAD7_FAD7_FADD__fatty acid desaturase 7 | 0.03 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.12 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.30 | 1.00E + 00 | −0.63 | 2.78E −01 | −0.87 | 7 28E-06 |
Of all the DEGs, a maximum of 20 genes for each different response pattern are listed. AGI identifiers and gene annotation in bold correspond to genes involved in the xenome. Expression changes are given as log2. Expression changes in bold correspond to genes differentially expressed at the significant threshold of Bonferroni p-value <0.05 in our study. aregulatory genes. bmetabolic genes identified using either the MapMan pathway analysis tool choosing Metabolism-overview or the AraGEM tool [84]