Table 1.

Maternal variables of primiparous women assisted during labor in public hospitals, Brazil, 2011–2012 (N = 2487)

		Mode of delivery
		Cesarean during labor		Vaginal delivery		p value *
		N	%	N	%
Sociodemographic variables
Maternal age (years)	12–19	144	10.7	1198	89.3	0.372
	20–34	180	12.5	1264	87.5
	≥35	3	10.7	25	89.3
Self-reported skin color	White	69	10.4	595	89.6	0.415
	Black	27	9.2	267	90.8
	Brown	223	12.4	1569	87.6
Schooling level	0–7 years	81	11.1	650	88.9	0.753
	8–10 years	98	10.9	803	89.1
	11–14 years	141	12.5	984	87.5
	15 or more	6	11.5	46	88.5
Paid Work	Yes	89	12.1	649	87.9	0.728
	No	237	11.4	1836	88.6
Relationship status	Not living with partner	83	10.5	708	89.5	0.421
	Living with partner	243	12.0	1777	88.0
Macro region of Brazil	North	50	14.0	308	86.0	0.037
	Northeast	147	13.9	913	86.1
	South	29	15.3	161	84.7
	Southeast	69	6.7	960	93.3
	Midwest	33	18.6	144	81.4
Pregnancy characteristics, use of ANC, and childbirth care services
Adequacy of ANC	Inadequate	307	11.8	2305	88.2	0.590
	Adequate	20	9.9	182	90.1
Clinical or obstetrical conditions potentially associated with obstetric emergencies before childbirth	Yes	85	22.8	288	77.2	<0.001
	No	242	9.9	2199	90.1
Women assisted at the linkage maternity	Yes	141	12.6	980	87.4	0.893
	No	41	12.2	294	87.8
Search for childbirth care services before hospital admission	Yes	76	13.9	470	86.1	0.134
	No	250	11.0	2016	89.0
Prenatal counseling favorable for vaginal delivery	Yes	175	8.6	1854	91.4	<0.001
	No	152	19.4	633	80.6
Decision on the type of delivery at the end of pregnancy	No	167	17.5	790	82.5	<0.001
	Yes, vaginal	100	5.9	1608	94.1
	Yes, cesarean	58	45.7	69	54.3
Labor and mode of delivery variables
Type of labor	Spontaneous	306	13.2	2018	86.8	<0.001
	Induced	21	4.3	468	95.7
Same professional provided assistance during ANC and childbirth	Yes	12	22.2	42	77.8	0.152
	No	313	11.4	2442	88.6
Cervical dilation at admission	≥4 cm	171	9.7	1584	90.3	0.017
	<4 cm	156	14.7	902	85.3
Use of any of the good practices during labor	Yes	207	8.7	2185	91.3	<0.001
	No	120	28.5	301	71.5
Use of a venous catheter	Yes	233	12.3	1656	87.7	0.507
	No	94	10.5	800	89.5
Use of spinal or epidural analgesia	Yes	79	30.4	181	69.6	<0.001
	No	249	9.9	2276	90.1
Presence of at least one obstetric nurse during assistance with labor	Yes	30	6.4	442	93.6	0.003
	No	276	13.5	1774	86.5
Total		327	11.6	2487	88.4

* Chi-square of Pearson was used for analysis