Table 3.

Guidelines for conducting rigorous subgroup analysis by sex and gender in randomized controlled trials

1	State the subgroup analysis a priori
2	Provide a rationale for performing the subgroup analysis
3	Offer a hypothesis regarding the outcome of the subgroup analysis
4	Adjust p values for the number of comparisons being made
5	Emphasize overall findings instead of subgroup analysis findings because results can only be considered hypothesis generating

Adapted from “Sex and Gender Subgroup Analyses of Randomized Trials”