Table 2.
Comparison of episodes treated with and without clobazam
| Variable | Total cohort (n = 70) | Treated with CLB (n = 24) | Not treated with CLB (n = 46) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Gender, female | 47 (67.1) | 16 (66.7) | 31 (67.4) | 0.951b |
| Age on admission, y | 70 (49–78) | 64 (52–72) | 73 (45–80) | 0.225d |
| Age ≥ 65 y | 41 (58.6) | 11 (45.8) | 30 (65.2) | 0.118b |
| Premorbid mRS | 3 (1–4) | 4 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.694d |
| RSE characteristics | ||||
| NCSE in coma | 9 (12.9) | 4 (16.7) | 5 (10.9) | 0.481c |
| Generalized convulsive SE | 31 (44.3) | 8 (33.3) | 23 (50.0) | 0.183b |
| Complex-partial SE | 30 (42.9) | 12 (50.0) | 18 (39.1) | 0.383b |
| Stuporous or comatose | 44 (62.9) | 16 (66.7) | 28 (60.9) | 0.634b |
| Acute symptomatic etiology | 31 (44.3) | 10 (41.7) | 21 (45.7) | 0.750b |
| History of seizures | 37 (52.9) | 10 (41.7) | 27 (58.7) | 0.175b |
| Potentially fatal etiology | 31 (44.3) | 11 (45.8) | 20 (43.5) | 0.851b |
| STESS | 3 (2–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.550d |
| STESS ≥ 3 | 42 (60.0) | 15 (62.5) | 27 (58.7) | 0.758b |
| Laboratory findings on admission | ||||
| Leukocyte count, ×103/μl | 9.4 (7.4–12.5) | 8.5 (6.3–12.0) | 10.1 (7.8–12.9) | 0.197d |
| C-reactive protein, mg/l | 15.7 (3.6–53.0) | 18.0 (4.2–56.2) | 8.3 (3.2–40.3) | 0.273d |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 11.7 (1.7) | 11.2 (1.6) | 11.9 (1.8) | 0.110e |
| Serum sodium, mmol/l | 136.9 (7.2) | 136.5 (7.3) | 137.2 (7.3) | 0.704e |
| Treatment and complications | ||||
| Duration of RSE, d | 9 (4–17) | 16 (8–32) | 8 (4–14) | 0.003 d |
| Length of hospital stay, d | 18 (10–30) | 29 (13–61) | 18 (10–29) | 0.071 d |
| Mechanical ventilation | 44 (62.9) | 13 (54.2) | 31 (67.4) | 0.277b |
| Length of mechanical ventilation, d | 3 (0–16) | 6 (0–43) | 6 (0–15) | 0.459d |
| Use of anesthetics | 43 (61.4) | 11 (45.8) | 32 (69.6) | 0.053 b |
| Induction of burst suppression | 28 (40.0) | 11 (45.8) | 17 (37.0) | 0.472b |
| Number of AEDs | 6 (5–8) | 7 (5–11) | 6 (5–8) | 0.028 d |
| Use of vasopressors | 40 (57.1) | 13 (54.2) | 27 (58.7) | 0.716b |
| Sepsis | 19 (27.1) | 8 (33.3) | 11 (23.9) | 0.400b |
| Outcome | ||||
| RSE terminated | 57 (81.4) | 20 (83.3) | 37 (80.4) | 1.000c |
| Poor outcome at follow-upa | 41 (60.3) | 18 (78.3) | 23 (51.1) | 0.030 b |
| In-hospital mortality | 12 (17.1) | 4 (16.7) | 8 (17.4) | 1.000c |
Values are n (%), mean (±standard deviation) or median (interquartile range); significant (p < 0.05) parameters are expressed in bold, parameters showing a statistical trend (p < 0.1) are expressed in italics
Abbreviations: AED antiepileptic drug, CLB clobazam, mRS modified Rankin Scale score, NCSE noncunvulsive status epilepticus, RSE refractory status epilepticus, SE status epilepticus, STESS Status Epilepticus Severity Score
aData available for 68 episodes
bPearson χ2 test
cFisher’s exact test
dMann-Whitney U-test
eStudent’s t-test