Table 1.
Effects of rootstocks on the nutrient concentration and growth/yield of grafted plants.
| Name of crop | Name of rootstock | Plant part used for determination | Increase in nutrients concentration (%)* | Reduction in nutrients concentration (%)* | Yield improvement (%)* | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) | Nine different citrus rootstocks were used | Leaves | N (4–18), P (11–77), K (3–43) | – | 12.5–563a | Ahmed et al., 2007 |
| Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) | Citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] and trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] | Mature leaves | B (55) | – | 3b | Liu et al., 2011 |
| New leaves | B (51) | |||||
| Roots | B (63) | |||||
| Apple (Pyrus Malus) | Six different Malus rootstocks | Leaves | K (25) | – | 60c | Cong et al., 2014 |
| M9, MM106, MM111 Apple, and Malus domestica cv. Local | Leaves | N (5–34), Mg (5–68), Zn (10–39), Fe (4–34) Mn (11–70) | K (6–19), Ca (10–28) | 44d | Amiri et al., 2014 | |
| Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) | Different grape rootstocks | Petioles | N (8.5–77), P (5–186), K (5–155) | – | – | Ibacache and Sierra, 2009 |
| 41 B (V. vinifera × V. berlandieri) and 3309 C (V. riparia × V. rupestris) | Whole plant | N (38), P (21.5), K (18), Ca (35), Mg (12), Zn (16), Mn (94), B (18) | Cu (1) | 24b | Bavaresco et al., 2003 | |
| Different grape rootstocks | Leaves | N (10–31), P (5–41), K (19–23), Ca (3–20), Mg (26–34), Fe (1–20), B (6–70) | – | 30e | Zamboni et al., 2016 | |
| Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) and 110 Richter (V. vinifera L.) | Leaves | N (1–14) | – | 14–16e | Habran et al., 2016 | |
| Petioles | N (9–30) | |||||
| Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM) and 1103 Paulsen (V. vinifera L.) | Leaves | N (3), K (44), S (70), Ca (27), Mg (58), Fe (65), Al (46), Mn (83), Cu (43), Zn (57), B (93) | P (33) | 152–205e | Lecourt et al., 2015 | |
| Avocado (Persea americana) | Duke and Topa Topa Avocado (Persea americana) | Whole plant | N (10), P (5.72), K (2.44), Fe (19), Cu (12.5), Mn (15) | – | 5d | Slowik et al., 1979 |
| Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) | Badami Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) | Leaves | K (95), Zn (51) | – | – | Sherafati et al., 2011 |
| Melon (Cucumis melo) | C. maxima × C. moschata (Shintoza, RS-841, and Kamel) | Leaves | N (6–81), P (6–58), S (1–4), Mg (1–3), Ca (0–5) | K (4–38) | 88–121d | Ruiz et al., 1997 |
| Shintoza (C. maxima × C. moschata) and Sienne** (Cantaloupe type melon) | Leaves | N (27), P (36), K (28), Ca (39), Mg (16), Mn (35), Zn (31), S (5) | Na (232), Cu (566), B (240), Fe (320) | 1–26a, 11–24d | Bautista et al., 2011 | |
| Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin, squash) | Leaves | Ca (6), Mg (5) | Na (255), K (9) | 11.5d | Edelstein et al., 2005 | |
| Shintoza (C. maxima × C. moschata) | Leaves | N (21), P (17), K (19) | – | 255d | Salehi et al., 2014 | |
| Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) | Hongdun (C. lanatus sp.) | Xylem sap | K (246) | – | 182b | Huang et al., 2013b |
| Jingxinzhen No.4 (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) | Leaves | Mg (39) | – | 171b | Huang et al., 2016b | |
| Ferro, RS841 (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata), and Argentario and Macis (Lagenaria hybrid) | Leaves | N (12–28), K (8–36), Ca (13–81), Mg (12–300) | – | – | Yetisir et al., 2013 | |
| Cucubirta maxima var. Dulce maravilla | Leaves | Fe (193) | – | – | Rivero et al., 2004 | |
| Roots | Fe (143) | |||||
| Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) | AR-9704 Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | Leaves | P (68), S (15) | Na (62), Cl (28) | – | Fernández-García et al., 2002 |
| Maxifort (S. lycopersicum L. × S. habrochaites S. Knapp and D. M. Spooner) | Leaves | N (0.5), P (13), Ca (10), Fe (9), Mn (3), Cu (18), Zn (17), B (3) | Mg (10) | 2d, 11b | Borgognone et al., 2013 | |
| He-Man (Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum habrochaites) | Leaves | Ca (18), K (8), Ca (11) | Mg (27), Fe (27) | 11.5d | Savvas et al., 2009 | |
| Solanum lycopersicum cv. Tmknvf2 | Leaves | Fe (11.18) | – | – | Rivero et al., 2004 | |
| Roots | Fe (185) | |||||
| Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Radja | Leaves | K (13) | – | 20–30d | Estañ et al., 2005 | |
| Root localized IPT-expressing tomato rootstock (35S::IPT) (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) | Leaves | K (20) | Na (30) | 30d | Ghanem et al., 2011 | |
| Rose (Rosa centifolia) | Seven Rosa rootstocks | Leaves | N (3–12), P (3–23), K (13–31), Ca (7–25), Mg (8–30), Zn (2–18), Mn (141–410), Fe (3–15), Cu (5–36) | – | 223f | Gammon and McFadden, 1979 |
*
Compared with self-rooted, self-grafted, or poorly performing rootstock.
**
Intermediate scion in the process of double grafting.
a
Total number of fruits per plant.
b
Whole plant dry mass.
c
Shoot dry mass.
d
Fruit yield per plant on weight basis.
e
Pruning weights of grapevines.
f
Flower value index.