Table 1.
Study and intervention characteristics, by study design
| Studies in Cochrane review | Newly added studies | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RCT | QRCT | CBA* | CBA | BA | ITS | XS | |
| N = 15 | N = 1 | N = 4 | N = 7 | N = 22 | N = 6 | N = 2 | |
| Study characteristics: | |||||||
| Publication year, mean (SD) | 2004.0 (5.3) | 2001 | 2004.8 (4.1) | 2003.9 (6.1) | 2002.8 (5.7) | 2009.8 (4.0) | 2006.5 (6.4) |
| Region, n (%) | |||||||
| Europe | 4 (26.7 %) | Denmark | 1 (25.0 %) | 0 | 9 (40.9 %) | 3 (50.0 %) | Sweden |
| North America | 8 (53.3 %) | - | 2 (50.0 %) | 4 (57.1 %) | 6 (27.3 %) | 1 (16.7 %) | 0 |
| Other | 3 (20.0 %) | - | 1 (25.0 %) | 3 (42.9 %) | 7 (31.8 %) | 2 (33.3 %) | Brazil |
| Location of care, n (%) | |||||||
| Outpatient carea | 3 (20.0 %) | - | 0 | 2 (28.6 %) | 9 (40.9 %) | 3 (50.0 %) | 0 |
| Community-based careb | 6 (40.0 %) | 1 | 3 (75.0 %) | 3 (42.9 %) | 10 (45.5 %) | 1(16.7 %) | 2 (100 %) |
| Mixed | 6 (40.0 %) | - | 1 (25.0 %) | 2 (28.6 %) | 3 (13.6 %) | 2 (33.3 %) | 0 |
| Recruitment pool, n (%) | |||||||
| General population | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 2 (9.1 %) | 3 (50.0 %) | 1 (50 %) |
| Insurance clients | 2 (13.3 %) | - | 3 (75.0 %) | 2 (28.6 %) | 1 (4.5 %) | 1 (16.7 %) | 0 |
| PCP/Pharmacy | 5 (33.3 %) | 1 | 1 (25.0 %) | 2 (28.6 %) | 7 (31.8 %) | 0 | 1 (50 %) |
| Outpatientsc | 3 (20.0 %) | - | 0 | 2 (28.6 %) | 8 (36.3 %) | 2 (33.3) | 0 |
| Inpatients | 3 (20.0 %) | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Multisector | 2 (13.3 %) | - | 0 | 1 (14.3 %) | 4 (18.2 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Patients, mean (SD) | 157.7 (153.1) | 413 | 19742 (34137.3) | 683.0 (1157.5) | 347.4 (725.2) | 32553 (16363.9) | 330.5 (24.7) |
| Median | 96 | - | 3717 | 239.5 | 100.0 | 32553 | 330.5 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 43.0 (6.3) | 40.6 | 34.0 (3.6) | 42.3 (5.4) | 42.2 (6.8) | nr | 48.5 |
| Women, mean % (SD) | 61.3 (14.7) | 56.2 % | 52.8 (10.6) | 71.8 (4.5) | 66.6 (11.1) | nr | 55.5 (2.3) |
| Asthma severity, n (%) | |||||||
| Mild-moderate | 1 (6.7 %) | - | 0 | 0 | 7 (31.8 %) | 0 | 1 (50 %) |
| Moderate-severe | 11 (73.3 %) | 1 | 0 | 4 (57.1 %) | 10 (45.5 %) | 0 | 0 |
| Not reported | 3 (20.0 %) | - | 4 (100.0 %) | 3 (42.9 %) | 5 (22.7 %) | 6 (100 %) | 1 (50 %) |
| FEV1, mean (SD) | 64.6 (20.9) | nr | nr | nr | 79.4 (10.4) | nr | nr |
| ICS use, mean % (SD) | 73.8 (32.0) | nr | nr | 74.4 (26.5) | 52.0 (30.3) | 52.8 (36.4) | 44.7 % |
| Intervention characteristics: | |||||||
| Number of intervention components, mean (SD) | 8.5 (2.5) | 9 | 7.8 (2.5) | 7.1 (1.2) | 6.7 (2.0) | 10.0 (2.1) | 7 |
| Comprehensive intervention (≥8 components), n (%) | 8 (53.3 %) | 1 | 2 (50.0 %) | 3 (42.9 %) | 5 (22.7 %) | 5 (71.4 %) | 0 |
| Main component, n (%) | |||||||
| Educational | 7 (46.7 %) | - | 1 (25.0 %) | 6 (85.7 %) | 14(63.6 %) | 0 | 1 (50 %) |
| Org_healthcare | 2 (13.3 %) | - | 2 (50.0 %) | 1 (14.3 % | 6 (27.3 %) | 5 (71.4 %) | 1 (50 %) |
| Org_patient | 1 (6.7 %) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Multicomponent | 5 (33.3 %) | - | 1 (25.0 %) | 0 | 2 (9.1 %) | 1 (16.7 %) | 0 |
| Duration of intervention (months), mean (SD) | 7.5 (3.2) | 12 | 22.5 (21.0) | 12.5 (12.6) | 13.1 (8.0) | ongoing | 4 |
RCT randomised controlled trial, QRCT quasi-randomised controlled trial, CBA* controlled before-after study (with at least two intervention and two control sites), CBA controlled before-after study, ITS interrupted-times-series study, BA before-after study (without external control group), XS cross-sectional study (with concurrent measurement of intervention exposure and outcomes), PCP primary care practice, SD standard deviation, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s (% predicted), ICS inhaled corticosteroids, Org organisational, nr not reported
aOutpatient care: ambulatory care provided by specialised clinic or hospital
bCommunity-based care: care provided at a primary care practice, pharmacy or health unit
cOutpatients: patients seen by specialised clinic or outpatient hospital department