Table 1.
Participant demographics at study baselinea
| Characteristic | Adapted Housing First (n = 135) |
Usual care (n = 102) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | ||
| < 30 | 40 (29.6) | 28 (27.5) |
| 30–39 | 33 (24.4) | 21 (20.6) |
| 40–49 | 38 (28.1) | 35 (34.3) |
| ≥ 50 | 24 (17.8) | 18 (17.6) |
| Male, n (%)b | 91 (67.9) | 65 (66.3) |
| Country of birth, n (%) | ||
| Canada | 37 (27.4) | 29 (28.4) |
| Other | 98 (72.6) | 73 (71.6) |
| Native language, n (%) | ||
| English | 65 (48.1) | 48 (47.1) |
| Other | 70 (51.9) | 54 (52.9) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| Black - Caribbean Region | 32 (23.7) | 21 (20.6) |
| Black - Africa | 25 (18.5) | 17 (16.7) |
| Black - Canada | 21 (15.6) | 13 (12.7) |
| Mixed backgroundc | 9 (6.7) | 17 (16.7) |
| South Asian | 13 (9.6) | 10 (9.8) |
| Otherd | 35 (25.9) | 24 (23.5) |
| Marital status n (%) | ||
| Single, never married | 89 (66.4) | 73 (71.6) |
| Othere | 45 (33.6) | 29 (28.4) |
| Number of children, n (%) | ||
| 0 | 95 (70.4) | 74 (72.5) |
| 1 | 24 (17.8) | 13 (12.7) |
| ≥ 2 | 16 (11.8) | 15 (14.7) |
| Current housing status, n (%) | ||
| Absolutely homeless | 121 (89.6) | 93 (91.2) |
| Precariously housed | 14 (10.4) | 9 (8.8) |
| Total length of homelessness, years, mean ± sdf | 3.5 ± 4.4 | 4.4 ± 5.7 |
| Longest period of homelessness, years, mean ± sdg | 1.9 ± 3.0 | 2.2 ± 2.8 |
| Education history, n (%) | ||
| < High school | 61 (45.2) | 45 (44.1) |
| Completed high school | 22 (16.3) | 23 (22.5) |
| Some post-secondary school | 52 (38.5) | 34 (33.3) |
| MCAS total score, mean ± sd | 65.5 ± 3.12 | 65.4 ± 3.25 |
| MINI results, n (%)h | ||
| Depressive episode | 57 (42.2) | 39 (38.2) |
| Manic or hypomanic episode | 12 (8.9) | 7 (6.9) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 34 (25.2) | 23 (22.5) |
| Panic disorder | 21 (15.6) | 18 (17.6) |
| Mood disorder with psychotic features | 30 (22.2) | 24 (23.5) |
| Psychotic disorder | 46 (34.1) | 40 (39.2) |
| Alcohol abuse or dependence | 43 (31.9) | 38 (37.3) |
| Substance abuse or dependence | 45 (33.3) | 41 (40.2) |
| Suicidalityi | 36 (26.7) | 32 (31.4) |
MCAS Multnomah Community Ability Scale, MINI Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview
aThe following variables had missing values: marital status (n = 1); total length of homelessness (n = 5); longest period of homelessness (n = 1). Percentages were calculated out of the total available data
bIndividuals who self-identified as female and other/transgendered/transsexual are not listed due to small cell size ≤ 5 for the latter category
c“Mixed” ethnicity included individuals who had at least one parent from the following ethnicities: East Asian, South East Asian, African Black, Canadian Black, Caribbean Black, Latin American, Indian-Caribbean and Middle Eastern
dThe “Other” category comprised of individuals who self-identified to one of the following groups but were suppressed due to small cell size: East Asian, Indian-Caribbean, Latin American, Middle Eastern and South East Asian
e“Other” marital status categories include the following options: married, cohabitating with partner, divorced, separated, widowed
fMedian values in years for total length of homelessness were as follows: 2.0 for the adapted HF group and 2.5 for the usual care group
gMedian values in years for longest period of homelessness were as follows: 1.0 for the adapted HF group and 1.0 for the usual care group
hMINI Diagnoses all represent current diagnoses established at baseline
iSuicidality was assessed as low, medium, or high; results here are shown for the collapsed moderate and high categories