Table 4.

Self-Administration behavior, tests with cannabinoid drugs

Reference	Drug reinforcer. Dose and vehicle	Species	Procedure/schedule	Main Results
T H C
Deneau and kaymakcalan 1971; Harris et al. 1974	100–400 µg/kg Tween20/salineine or 25–300 µg/kg PVP/saline	Rhesus monkeys	IVSA, FR1, naïve subjects	No significant acquisition
Mansbach et al. 1994; Pickens et al. 1973	17–100 µg/kg in PVP/saline or EL620/EtOH/saline		IVSA, FR1, Substitution for phencyclidine	No significant substitution
Carney et al. 1977; Harris et al. 1974; Kaymakcalan 1973	3–300 µg/kg EL620; 25–200 µg/kg PVP/saline;100–400 µg/kg Tween20/saline		IVSA, substitution for cocaine	No significant substitution
Harris et al. 1974	25–300 µg/kg PVP/saline		IVSA, cocaine/THC combinations. Automated programmed delivery	No significant acquisition/substitution
Kaymakcalan 1973	100–400 µg/kg Tween20/saline		IVSA, Monkeys made dependent on THC	No significant acquisition (2 out of 6)
Pickens et al. 1973	25 mg burned hashish		Inhalation and food presentation/FR3 and 4 sec. mouth contact to smoke tube, 24 hours per day, 4 days each week	No significant difference from vehicle responding
Li et al. 2012	3.2–32 µg/kg EL620/EtOH/saline		IVSA, history of heroin SA or naive	No significant acquisition
Corcoran and Amit 1974	0.25 mg (hashish)/ml	Rats	Forced drinking	No significant acquisition
van Ree et al. 1978	7.5–300 µg/kg tween20/saline		IVSA, naïve	40% positive
Takahashi and Singer 1979; 1980	6.25–50 µg/kg tween80/saline		IVSA, naïve, food deprived, with automatic food pellet delivery	Positive results maintained only with food deprivation and pellet delivery
Braida et al. 2004	0.01–1 µg/inf cerebrospinal fluid, EtOH, cremophor		ICVSA, trained with water	Positive results, max responding at 0.02 µg/inf
Tanda et al. 2000; Justinova et al. 2008; Justinova et al. 2003	1–16 µg/kg EtOH/Tween80/saline	Squirrel monkeys	IVSA, naïve or cocaine trained with saline extinction/FR or second order	Positive results, max responding at 4 µg/kg
Anandamide and Methanandamide
Justinova et al. 2005	2.5–160 µg/kg tween80/saline/eth	Squirrel monkeys	FR10, IVSA, drug naïve	Positive results, max responding at 40 µg/kg
2-AG
De Luca et al. 2014	12.5–50 µg/kg tween80/saline/eth	Sprague Dawley Rats	IVSA, naïve	90% positive, max responding at 25 µg/kg
Justinova et al. 2011	0.1–100 µg/kg EtOH/Tween80/saline	Squirrel monkeys	IVSA, nicotine substitution or history IVSA of anandamide, anandamide reuptake inhibitors or nicotine	100% positive, max responding at 3 µg/kg
CP55,940
Mansbach et al. 1994	0.3–3 µg/kg emulphor/ EtOH/saline	Rhesus monkey	IVSA,PCP substitution	No acquisition
Braida et al. 2001	0.1–1.6 µg cerebrospinal fluid, EtOH, cremophor	Wistar Rats	IVSA	Positive, max responding at 0.4 µg/kg
WIN55,212-2
Martellotta et al. 1998	10–500 µg/kg ?	CD1 Mice	IVSA, naïve	Positive, max responding at 100 µg/kg
Fattore et al. 2001	6.25–50 µg/kg Tween 80/heparin/saline	Wistar Rats	IVSA, naïve	87% positive, max responding at 12.5 µg/kg
Solinas et al. 2007	12.5–25 µg/kg Tween 80/saline	Long– Evans Rats		Positive, max responding at 12.5 µg/kg
Justinova et al 2013	12.5 µg/kg Tween- 80/heparin/saline	Long– Evans Rats/Spra gue Dawley	IVSA, naïve	Positive
Lecca et al. 2006	12.5 µg/kg Tween 80/saline	Sprague Dawley Rats	IVSA, naïve	Positive
JWH 018
De Luca et al. 2015	10–20 µg/kg EtOH/Tween80/saline	Sprague– Dawley Rats	IVSA, naïve	90% positive, max responding at 20 µg/kg
De Luca et al. 2015	15–30 µg/kg EtOH/Tween80/saline	C57BL/6 mice	IVSA, naïve	90% positive, at 30 µg/kg

IVSA = intravenous self-administration