Table 1.

Summary of clinical studies of IACI in JIA

Author, year	N	Study design	Steroid used	Outcome measures	Results
Allen 19869	40	Open label	TH, 20–40 mg/joint	CCR	63.3% response at six months
Balogh 198722	23	Randomized, double-blinded	TH vs BM	Difference in knee circumference	TH: −1.7 cm BM: +1 cm
Earley 198827	60	Open label	TH	Reduction in inflammation	“Excellent” or “good” response in 77% at one year
Hertzberger-ten Cate 199123	21	Retrospective review	TA 10–20 mg/joint	CCR	70% response at six months
Honkanen 199326	79	Retrospective review	MP 1.5 mg/kg vs TH 0.7 mg/kg	Reduction in inflammation	75% response at six months
Padeh 199816	71	Open label	TH 10–40 mg/joint	CCR	82% response at six months
Sherry 199917	30	Open label	TH 20 mg/joint vs no IACI	LLD, thigh circumference discrepancy	IACI: no LLD, No IACI: 7 with LLD
Breit 200028	194	Retrospective review	TH, variable dose	Duration of improvement	Depends on subgroup of disease
Ravelli 200124	94	Open label	TH, 1 mg/kg	CCR	69% response at six months
Neidel 200239	48	Open label	TH, 1 mg/kg	CCR and radiographic remission	76% response at two years
Lepore 200225	37	Open label	TH, 1 mg/kg	CCR	68% response at six months
Zulian 200320	85	Randomized by drug availability	TH, 1 mg/kg vs TA, 1 mg/kg	Decrease in articular score ≥60%	TH: 81.4% TA: 53.3% response at six months
Zulian 200421	37	Randomized, double-blinded	TH, 1 mg/kg vs TA, 2 mg/kg	Decrease in articular score ≥60%	TH: 89.7% TA: 61.5% response at six months
Eberhard 200429	85	Open label	TH 20–40 mg/joint vs TA 60–80 mg/joint	Time to relapse	TH: 10.14 mo TA: 7.75 mo

Abbreviations: BM, betamethasone; CCR, complete clinical resolution of arthritis; IACI, intra-articular corticosteroid injection; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; LLD, leg length discrepancy; MP, methylprednisolone; TA, triamcinolone acetonide; TH, triamcinolone hexacetoide.