Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS in 459 ESCC patients

Variable	Univariate				Multivariate
	P-value	HR	95% CI		P-value	HR	95% CI
			Lower	Upper			Lower	Upper
Sex
Male		Reference
Female	0.061	0.757	0.566	1.013
Age (years)
<60		Reference
≥60	0.193	1.177	0.921	1.505
Tumor grade
I–II		Reference
III	0.144	1.232	0.931	1.632
TNM stage
I		Reference				Reference
II	0.002*	3.394	1.579	7.298	0.003*	3.190	1.483	6.864
III	<0.001*	7.215	3.374	15.426	<0.001*	6.380	2.969	13.709
Tumor location
Upper		Reference
Middle	0.818	0.949	0.608	1.480
Lower	0.569	0.869	0.536	1.408
Alcohol drinking
No		Reference				Reference
Yes	0.004*	1.452	1.128	1.868	0.145	1.245	0.927	1.670
Smoking status
Never		Reference				Reference
Ever	0.028*	1.341	1.031	1.743	0.708	1.060	0.781	1.438
Body mass index (kg/m2)
≥18.5		Reference				Reference
<18.5	0.002*	1.673	1.205	2.323	0.018*	1.497	1.071	2.092
GPS
0		Reference				Reference
1–2	0.008*	1.459	1.102	1.932	0.157	1.229	0.924	1.637
Treatment
Surgery alone		Reference				Reference
Surgery + adjuvant RT/CT	0.003*	1.573	1.166	2.122	0.363	1.156	0.846	1.579

Note:

^*P<0.05.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CT, chemotherapy; ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; GPS, Glasgow Prognostic Score; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; RT, radiotherapy; TNM, Tumor-Node-Metastases.