Table 1. Characteristics of Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Criterion-Classified into Three Severity Levels.
| Patient characteristics | Mild | Moderate | Severe | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 255 mean ± SD |
n = 664 mean ± SD |
n = 124 mean ± SD |
||
| Demographics | ||||
| Male (n, %) | 175 (68.6) | 427 (64.3) | 87 (70.2) | 0.871 |
| Age (year) | 54.6 ± 18.0 | 60.4 ± 14.8 | 58.4 ± 14.2 | 0.010 |
| Mode of presentation (n, %) | ||||
| Hematemesis | 117 (45.9) | 299 (45.0) | 66 (53.2) | 0.315 |
| Coffee ground vomiting | 67 (26.3) | 114 (17.2) | 26 (21.0) | 0.048 |
| Hematochezia | 20 (7.8) | 40 (6.0) | 8 (6.5) | 0.462 |
| Melena | 113 (44.3) | 421 (63.4) | 69 (55.7) | 0.001 |
| Syncope | 28 (11.0) | 144 (21.7) | 34 (27.4) | < 0.001 |
| Hemodynamics | ||||
| Pulse (/min) | 89.8 ± 16.3 | 91.4 ± 15.7 | 93.1 ± 17.7 | 0.022 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.6 ± 21.6 | 120.6 ± 20.5 | 88.5 ± 17.0 | < 0.001 |
| Biochemicals | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 7.0 ± 2.1 | 7.4 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 23.9 ± 16.5 | 36.5 ± 21.7 | 37.6 ± 22.5 | < 0.001 |
| Co-morbidities (n, %) | ||||
| Cirrhosis | 14 (5.5) | 106 (16.0) | 28 (22.6) | < 0.001 |
| Hepatic failure | 0 (0) | 6 (0.9) | 2 (1.6) | 0.071 |
| Cardiac failure | 1 (0.4) | 6 (0.9) | 4 (3.2) | 0.024 |
| Renal failure | 4 (1.6) | 53 (8.0) | 12 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Clinical outcomes (n, %) | ||||
| Re-bleeding | 6 (2.4) | 42 (6.3) | 18 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
| Dead | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 24 (19.4) | < 0.001 |
*P-value from chi-squared for linear trends, or two-way ANOVA by rank. SD: standard deviation; SBP: systolic blood pressure; BUN: blood urea nitrogen.