Table 2.

Molecular determinants of viral mutation rates

	Higher mutation rate	Lower mutation rate
Global genomic features	RNA, single-strand, short	DNA, double-strand, large
Specific template features	RNA base-pairs, sequence repeats	–
Replication mode	Semi-conservative	Stamping machine
Fidelity mechanisms	–	3′ Exonuclease, repair
Host-encoded proteins	APOBEC, ADAR	UNG, MutHLS/Dam
Other host factors	Unbalanced dNTP pools, ROS	–