Table 4.

CB₂-mediated effects of endocannabinoids on immune cell functions

Cell type	Species	Endocannabinoid	Effects	References
Anti-inflammatory effects
Astrocytes	Rat	AEA	↓TNF-α	[103]
Dendritic cells	Human	AEA	↓ IL-6, IL-12 and IFN-α	[104]
Microglia	Mouse (BV-2 cell line)	AEA	↓ Nitric oxide	[105]
	Mouse	AEA	↑ IL-10	[106]
			↑ IL-10 ↓ IL-12p70 and IL-23	[107]
	Rat	AEA	LPS-induced nitric oxide release	[108]
Neutrophils	Human	2-AG	↓ fMLP-induced migration	[79]
Splenocytes	Human	AEA	↓ Primary and secondary antibody formation	[109]
T cells (not separated)	Human	AEA	↓ Cell proliferation	[110]
		2-AG	↓ SDF-1-induced migration	[111]
CD4+ T cells	Human	AEA	↓ IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α	[110]
CD8 + T cells	Human	AEA	↓ IFN-γ and TNF-α	[110]
	Human	AEA	↓ SDF-1-induced migration	[112]
Pro-inflammatory effects
B cells	Human	2-AG	↑ Migration	[113]
	Mouse	2-AG	↑ Migration	[114, 115]
Dendritic cells	Human	2-AG	↑ Migration	[116]
Eosinophils	Human	2-AG	↑ Migration	[74, 117]
	Human	2-AG	↑ Migration ↑ LTC4 and EXC4 synthesis	[101]
Macrophages	Mouse (peritoneal)	2-AG	↑ Zymosan phagocytosis	[118]
	Human (HL-60)	2-AG	↑ Actin polymerization ↑ Adhesion to fibronectin	[119]
			↑ MCP-1 and IL-8	[120]
Microglia	Mouse (BV-2 cell line)	2-AG	↑ Migration	[121]
Monocytes	Human	2-AG	↑ Adhesion to fibronectin	[122]
			↑ Migration	[119]
NK cells	Human	2-AG	↑ Migration	[123]
T cells	Human (Jurkat)	2-AG	↑ L- and P-selectin ↑ Adhesion and transmigration	[124]

TNF tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin, IFN interferon, LPS lipopolysaccharide, fMLP formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, SDF stromal cell-derived factor, LTC ₄ leukotriene C₄, EXC ₄ eoxin C₄, MCP monocyte chemoattractant protein