Figure 5.

All-cause mortality by happiness and other measures of wellbeing in women who rated their health as good or excellent at baseline

Includes 550 737 women (20 073 deaths). Excluding women with cancer, heart disease, stroke, or chronic obstructive airways disease at baseline and women who rated their health as poor or fair at baseline. RRs are adjusted for age, region, area deprivation, body-mass index, qualifications, strenuous exercise, smoking, alcohol, living with a partner, parity, participation in group activities, and sleep duration. The referenced groups (RR=1·0) were women who reported being happy most of the time (A); in control most of the time (B); relaxed most of the time (C); and rarely or never stressed (D). g-s CIs that are not visible are smaller than the solid circle. RR=rate ratio. g-s CI=group-specific confidence interval.