Table 4.
Summary of epigenetic aberrations reported in mental diseases
| Disease | Epigenetic change (tissues) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Fragile X syndrome | Hyper-methylation at the FMR-1 gene with an expanded (CCG)n repeat | [11] |
| Huntington | Histone modification in HDACs and histone KDM5D/Kdm5d | [88] |
| Rett syndrome | Mutation in the gene encoding MeCP2 | [11] |
| Autistic patients and their parents | Abnormal trans-methylation, trans-sulfuration metabolism, genome-wide DNA hypo-methylation and elevated blood homocysteine level (blood) | [11] |
| Down syndrome | miR-99a, let-7c, miR-125b-2, miR-155, and miR-802 up-regulation | [113] |
| SCZ | DNA hyper-methylation of the RELN promoter and SOX10 promoter (brain) | [11] |
| SCZ and BD | DNA hypo-methylation of the MB-COMT promoter (brain) | [11] |
| SCZ | Histone 3 lysine 4 hypo-methylation at the GAD1 promoter due to mixed- lineage leukemia 1 gene dysfunction (brain) | [11] |
| SCZ (male) | DNA hyper –methylation of the WDR18 gene (brain) | [11] |
| SCZ (male) | Global DNA hypo-methylation (blood) | [11] |
| SCZ & Psychotic BD | DNM T1 hyperexpression and increase in SAM content (corticalinter-neurons) | [11] |
| Bipolar ll | DNA hypo-methylation of PPIEL gene (blood) | [11] |
| BD (female) | Hypo-methylation of RPL39 (brain) | [11] |
| Dementia | Hyper-methylation of circadian genes, PER1 and CRY1 (blood) | [11] |
| Alcoholism | DNA hyper-methylation of alpha synuclein promoter, HERP gene promoter and dopamine transporter gene (blood) | [11] |
SCZ, schizophrenia; BD, bipolar disorders