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. 2016 Oct 1;13(Fall):1h.

Table 2.

Summarization of the Effects of Telehealth on Hospitalization Indicators in Studies Included in the Systematic Review

Study Authors Intervention Device (Modality) Sample Size Follow-up in Months Statistically Significant Outcomes
Hospitalization Length of Stay
Wakefield et al.a

  1. Telephone (R)

  2. Patient station consisting of television monitor and video camera kit with a microphone (R)

  3. Combined tools (R)

  • Intervention 1: 47

  • Intervention 2: 52

  • Intervention 3: 99

  • Control: 49

 12 Intervention 3: all-cause, SD None
Morguet et al.b Telephone and the telemonitoring equipment (R)

  • Intervention: 32

  • Control: 96

 11 All-cause, SD Other noncardiac reasons, SD All-cause, SD Other cardiac reasons, SD
Scherr et al.c Weight scale, sphygmomanometer, mobile phone, and client-server communication through Internet (A)

  • Intervention: 54

  • Control: 54

 6 None Heart failure, SD
Dinesen et al.d Telehealth monitor system using wireless technology (A, R)

  • Intervention: 57

  • Control: 48

 10 All-cause, SD None
Bowles et al.e

  1. Telephone (R)

  2. Physiological monitor equipped with a blood pressure cuff, body weight scale, glucometer, pulse oximeter, digital stethoscope, and videoconferencing devices (R)

  • Intervention 1: 93

  • Intervention 2: 98

  • Control: 112

 2 None None
Steventon et al.f Telephone (R) Intervention: 2,698 Control: 2,698 12 None None
Dang et al.g Computerized, Internet-based, and in-home messaging and monitoring device for automating the daily monitoring of the enrolled patients by a care coordinator (A) Congestive heart failure 17, control 17 Heart failure, SD None
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 17, control 17 None None
Diabetes mellitus 23, control 23 None None
Steventon et al.h Remote, automatic, and passive monitoring system in addition to peripheral devices including a pulse oximeter, a glucometer, and weighing scales (A) Intervention: 1,570 Control: 1,584 12 All-cause, SD All-cause, SD
Soran et al.i Electronic scale and an individualized symptom response system linked via standard phone line to a computerized database (A)

  • Intervention: 160

  • Control: 155

 6 None None
Ferrante et al.j Telephone (R)

  • Intervention: 760

  • Control: 758

 12–48 Heart failure, SD None
Jia et al.k Home telehealth device (messaging device) and telephone (R)

  • Intervention: 387

  • Control: 387

 48 None None
Chen et al.l Telephone (R)

  • Intervention: 275

  • Control: 275

 6 All-cause, SD Heart failure, SD All-cause, SD Heart failure, SD
Weintraub et al.m Tele-measurement devices and an interactive communication device (A)

  • Intervention: 95

  • Control: 93

 3 None None
Steventon et al.m Tele-care base unit along with a pendant alarm and up to 27 various peripheral devices (R)

  • Intervention: 1,236

  • Control: 1,190

 12 None None
Giordano et al.n Portable measurement devices transferring data by a fixed or mobile telephone; one lead trace to a receiving station where health professional was available (A)

  • Intervention: 226

  • Control: 229

 12 All-cause, SD Heart failure, SD None
Webb et al.o Interactive system along with store and forward system (A)

  • Intervention: 337

  • Control: 337

 36 None All-cause, SD
Dendale et al.p Electronic weight scale, a blood pressure monitoring device along with a cell-phone, central computer (A)

  • Intervention: 80

  • Control: 80

 6 None None
Domingo et al.q Interactive platform, automated self-monitoring equipment, Internet connection, and television used as monitor (A)

  • Intervention: 92

  • Control: 92

 12 Heart failure, SD Other cardiac reasons, SD Heart failure, SD Other cardiac reasons, SD
Schofield et al.r In-home messaging device, a secure Internet site, and telephone (A)

  • Intervention: 73

  • Control: 73

 6 All-cause, SD All-cause, SD
Koehler et al.s Portable measuring devices connected to a personal digital assistant for transferring information via cell phone to telemedicine centers (A)

  • Intervention: 354

  • Control: 356

 26 None None
Cleland et al.t

  1. Telephone (A, R)

  2. An electronic weighing scale, an automated sphygmomanometer, single-lead electrocardiogram using wristband electrodes, all communicated to a hub connected to patient's phone line and central web server and then workstations via secure Internet connection (A, R)

  • Intervention 1: 170

  • Intervention 2: 163

  • Control: 85

 8 None None
Dansky et al.u Tele-home-care system: telephone-based communication system with medical peripherals (A, R)

  • Intervention: 174

  • Control: 112

 2, 4 At 2 months: SD (not significant at 4 months) None

Abbreviations: A, asynchronous; R, real-time; SD, significant decrease.

vDansky, K., J. Vasey, and K. Bowles. “Impact of Telehealth on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure.” Clinical Nursing Research 17, no. 3 (2008): 182–99.

a

Wakefield, B., M. Ward, et al. “Evaluation of Home Telehealth Following Hospitalization for Heart Failure: A Randomized Trial.” Telemedicine and e-Health 14, no. 8 (2008): 753–61.

b

Morguet, A., P. Kühnelt, et al. “Impact of Telemedical Care and Monitoring on Morbidity in Mild to Moderate Chronic Heart Failure.” Cardiology 111, no. 2 (2008): 134–39.

c

Scherr, D., P. Kastner, et al. “Effect of Home-based Telemonitoring Using Mobile Phone Technology on the Outcome of Heart Failure Patients after an Episode of Acute Decompensation: Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 11, no. 3 (2009): e34.

d

Dinesen, B., L. Haesum, et al. “Using Preventive Home Monitoring to Reduce Hospital Admission Rates and Reduce Costs: A Case Study of Telehealth among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients.” Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 18, no. 4 (2012): 221–25.

e

Bowles, K., D. Holland, and D. A. Horowitz. “A Comparison of In-person Home Care, Home Care with Telephone Contact and Home Care with Telemonitoring for Disease Management.” Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 15, no. 7 (2009): 344–50.

f

Steventon, A., S. Tunkel, et al. “Effect of Telephone Health Coaching (Birmingham OwnHealth) on Hospital Use and Associated Costs: Cohort Study with Matched Controls.” British Medical Journal 347 (2013): f4585.

g

Dang, S., F. Ma, et al. “Differential Resource Utilization Benefits with Internet-based Care Coordination in Elderly Veterans with Chronic Diseases Associated with High Resource Utilization.” Telemedicine and e-Health 12, no. 1 (2006): 14–23.

h

Steventon, A., M. Bardsley, et al. “Effect of Telehealth on Use of Secondary Care and Mortality: Findings from the Whole System Demonstrator Cluster Randomised Trial.” British Medical Journal 344 (2012): e3874.

i

Soran, O., I. Pina, et al. “A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Clinical Effects of Enhanced Heart Failure Monitoring Using a Computer-based Telephonic Monitoring System in Older Minorities and Women.” Journal of Cardiac Failure 14, no. 9 (2008): 711–17.

j

Ferrante, D., S. Varini, et al. “Long-Term Results after a Telephone Intervention in Chronic Heart Failure: DIAL (Randomized Trial of Phone Intervention in Chronic Heart Failure) Follow-up.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 56, no. 5 (2010): 372–78.

k

Jia, H., H. Feng, et al. “A Longitudinal Study of Health Service Utilization for Diabetes Patients in a Care Coordination Home-Telehealth Programme.” Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 17, no. 3 (2011): 123–26.

l

Chen, Y., Y. Ho, et al. “Assessment of the Clinical Outcomes and Cost-effectiveness of the Management of Systolic Heart Failure in Chinese Patients Using a Home-based Intervention.” Journal of International Medical Research 38, no. 1 (2010): 242–52.

m

Weintraub, A., D. Gregory, et al. “A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Evaluation of Automated Home Monitoring and Telephonic Disease Management in Patients Recently Hospitalized for Congestive Heart Failure: The SPAN-CHF II Trial.” Journal of Cardiac Failure 16, no. 4 (2010): 285–92.

n

Steventon, A., M. Bardsley, et al. “Effect of Telecare on Use of Health and Social Care Services: Findings from the Whole Systems Demonstrator Cluster Randomised Trial.” Age and Ageing 42, no. 4 (2013): 501–8.

o

Giordano, A., S. Scalvini, et al. “Multicenter Randomised Trial on Home-based Telemanagement to Prevent Hospital Readmission of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.” International Journal of Cardiology 131, no. 2 (2009): 192–99.

p

Webb, C., C. Waugh, et al. “Impact of Telemedicine on Hospital Transport, Length of Stay, and Medical Outcomes in Infants with Suspected Heart Disease: A Multicenter Study.” Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 26 no. 9 (2013): 1090–98.

q

Dendale, P., G. De Keulenaer, et al. “Effect of a Telemonitoring-facilitated Collaboration between General Practitioner and Heart Failure Clinic on Mortality and Rehospitalization Rates in Severe Heart Failure: The TEMA-HF 1 (TElemonitoring in the MAnagement of Heart Failure) Study.” European Journal of Heart Failure 14, no. 3 (2012): 333–40.

r

Domingo, M., J. Lupon, et al. “Noninvasive Remote Telemonitoring for Ambulatory Patients with Heart Failure: Effect on Number of Hospitalizations, Days in Hospital, and Quality of Life. CARME (CAtalan Remote Management Evaluation) Study.” Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 64, no. 4 (2011): 277–85.

s

Schofield, R., S. Kline, et al. “Early Outcomes of a Care Coordination-enhanced Telehome Care Program for Elderly Veterans with Chronic Heart Failure.” Telemedicine and e-Health 11, no. 1 (2005): 20–27.

t

Koehler, F., S. Winkler, et al. “Impact of Remote Telemedical Management on Mortality and Hospitalizations in Ambulatory Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: The Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure Study.” Circulation 123, no. 17 (2011): 1873–80.

u

Cleland, J., A. Louis, et al. “Noninvasive Home Telemonitoring for Patients with Heart Failure at High Risk of Recurrent Admission and Death: The Trans-European Network–Home-Care Management System (TEN-HMS) Study.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 45, no. 10 (2005): 1654–64.