Table 2.
Cardiogenic transcription factor.
| Cardiogenic transcription factor | Functional domain | Upstream signal | Direct target (gene) | Cardiac phenotype | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knockout | Knock-in | ||||
| TBX20 | T-box (β-sheet structure) | BMP/Smad | Ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins; myofibrillar proteins [75] |
Ventricular dilation, long QRS wave, heart arrest [75], |
Heart performance↑, CM proliferation↑ [76], |
|
| |||||
| GATA4 | Zinc fingers (type IV) | PKG-1α [77] | Cyclin-dependent kinases [78] FGF16 [79] |
embryonic lethality [78], severe cardiac dysfunction [80] |
heart function↑, cardiomyocyte replication↑, heart regeneration↑ [79] |
|
| |||||
| NF-κB | Rel homology domain (RHD) | N/A | Cardiac hypertrophic genes ANF, β-MHC↑ [81], GATA4 [82] |
Zebrafish heart regeneration↓ [82] | N/A |
↑: increase or intensify; ↓: decrease.