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. 2016 Oct 21;22(39):8698–8719. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8698

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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.

This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.

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Course and regulation of reactions catalyzed by cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase - the rate limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis. Bile acids (BAs) formed from 7α-hydroxycholesterol bind to farnezoid X receptor (FXR) and inhibit expression of the gene coding for 7α-hydroxylase, subsequently diminishing the rate of BA biosynthesis in liver. Oxysterols formed from cholesterol bind to liver X receptor (LXR) and stimulate expression of the gene coding for 7α-hydroxylase and the subsequent conversion of cholesterol to 7α-hydroxycholesterol and to BAs.