Table 4.
The associations of the positive expression of p53, CA19-9 and CEA proteins with basal cell hyperplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and esophageal squamous cell cancer [OR (95%CI)]
| Variables | ESCC | HGD | LGD | BCH |
| p53 | ||||
| Model 11 | 4.51 (2.38-8.59) | 4.50 (2.07-9.78) | 2.21 (1.21-4.06) | 1.50 (0.71-3.15) |
| Model 22 | 4.52 (2.17-4.92) | 4.88 (2.10-11.33) | 2.31 (1.17-4.56) | 1.60 (0.72-3.57) |
| CA19-9 | ||||
| Model 11 | 15.15 (7.45-30.84) | 7.99 (3.53-18.10) | 1.57 (0.81-3.04) | 1.60 (0.72-3.54) |
| Model 22 | 23.57 (9.27-56.86) | 12.01 (4.61-31.32) | 2.05 (0.91-4.63) | 1.99 (0.81-4.93) |
| CEA | ||||
| Model 11 | 11.80 (4.49-31.05) | 7.50 (2.56-22.00) | 2.96 (1.13-7.76) | 1.52 (0.46-5.02) |
| Model 22 | 17.40 (4.76-63.59) | 11.06 (2.80-43.71) | 3.80 (1.06-13.66) | 1.81 (0.41-7.96) |
| Three biomarkers combined3 | ||||
| Model 11 | 14.19 (7.21-27.91) | 8.57 (3.80-19.30) | 2.40 (1.38-4.15) | 1.98 (1.02-3.85) |
| Model 22 | 16.64 (7.68-36.05) | 10.11 (4.20-24.32) | 2.59 (1.38-4.86) | 2.15 (1.04-4.45) |
In the regression model, ORs were calculated without adjustments for any variables;
In the regression model, ORs were calculated after adjustment for age, school year, income per year-person, smoking, alcohol drinking, and family history of esophageal cancer;
If the expression of any one of the three biomarkers was positive, the combined expression was counted as positive; if there was an overlap in expression, the score of the strongest expression was taken as the score of the combination. ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell cancer; HGD: High-grade dysplasia; LGD: Low-grade dysplasia; BCH: Basal cell hyperplasia.