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. 2016 Oct 24;7:415. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00415

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Copyright © 2016 Pereira, Martinelli, Cancedda, Gentili and Poggi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Human articular condrocyte (hAC) regulate T cell proliferation. (A) T cell proliferation of CD3⁺ T cells with the indicated stimuli at different PBMC:hAC ratio (20:1, 10:1, 5:1) or PBMC alone (medium). (B) T cell proliferation of PBMC on hAC at the PBMC:hAC ratio of 5:1 in contact or separated by a Millicell transwell chamber (TW, PBMC in TW) or by PBMC in TW separated by a co-cultures of PBMC and hAC (TW-contact). Results are the mean ± SD of eight different experiments. (C) Schematic representation of the different culture conditions: contact (A,B), TW (B), and TW-Contact (B). *p < 0.001 vs. PBMC.