Table 3. Summary of the ten studies included in this Meta-analysis with regard to the smoking status and dry eye risk.
| First author | Year | Country | Population | Study design | Age range (a) | n | Smoking exposure status | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted age and gender |
| Uchino[7] | 2009 | Japan | Office workers who use visual display terminals | Cross-sectional survey | 22-60 | 3549 | Current | 0.77 (0.53-1.12) | Y |
| Sahai[8] | 2005 | India | Hospital-based population | Cross-sectional survey | >20 | 500 | Current | 1.42 (0.89-2.27) | - |
| Moss[10] | 2008 | USA | Population-based | Cohort study | 43-86 | 2414 | Current | 0.89 (0.65-1.20) | - |
| Ever | 1.06 (0.86-1.30) | - | |||||||
| Chia[11] | 2003 | Australia | Population-based | Cross-sectional survey | ≥49 | 1075 | Current | 0.70 (0.40-1.10) | Y |
| Lee[12] | 2002 | Indonesia | Households | Cross-sectional survey | ≥21 | 1058 | Current | 1.50 (1.00-2.20) | Y |
| Ever | 1.20 (0.60-2.40) | - | |||||||
| Moss[13] | 2000 | USA | Population-based | Cohort study | 43-84 | 3703 | Current | 1.44 (1.13-1.83) | Y |
| Ever | 1.16 (0.96-1.39) | - | |||||||
| Uchino[14] | 2013 | Japan | Office workers who use visual display terminals | Cross-sectional survey | 22-65 | 561 | Current | 0.86 (0.54-1.35) | Y |
| Xiao[17] | 2011 | China | Smoker and non-smoker (man) | Cross-sectional survey | 25-75 | 2385 | Current | 2.24 (1.78-2.81) | - |
| Su[18] | 2012 | China | Students | Cross-sectional survey | 19-26 | 1168 | Current | 2.57 (1.41-4.67) | - |
| Hua[21] | 2014 | China | Population-based | Cross-sectional survey | 12-88 | 2600 | Current | 2.26 (1.50-3.40) | Y |