Table 3.

Checklists used to rate frank agrammatism and apraxia of speech

Agrammatism (based upon [50))

Constructional component (sentence structure)

Strings of single words, phrases, and/or sentence fragments

‘Sentences’ are simple and incomplete

Limited variety of sentence structure

Impairment in ordering of verbs around nouns

Limited use of verbs relative to nouns

Morphological component

Lack of functor/closed class words (articles, prepositions, etc.)

Omission/substitution of inflectional affixes (-ed, -s, -ing) and auxiliary verbs

Reduced use of main verbs

Better use of content words, especially nouns

AOS (based upon [52, 53))

Prosodic features

Slow overall rate

Prolonged vowels

Syllable segregation

Articulation

Phonemic anticipatory errors

Phonemic perseverative errors

Phonemic transposition errors

Phonemic voicing errors

Phonemic vowel errors

Visible/audible searching (articulatory groping)

Exhibits numerous off-target attempts at the word

Errors are highly inconsistent

Errors increase as phonemic sequence increases

Exhibits marked difficulty initiating speech

Intrudes schwa between syllables or in consonant clusters

Exhibits abnormal prosodic features

Exhibits awareness of errors and inability to correct them